Nanoscaled Lithium Powders with Protection of Ionic Liquid for Highly Stable Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries

Nanoscaled Lithium Powders with Protection of Ionic Liquid for Highly Stable Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
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具有离子液体保护的纳米级锂粉用于高稳定性可充电锂金属电池

DOI:
10.1002/advs.201901776
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发表时间:
2019-10
期刊:
影响因子:
15.1
通讯作者:
Liu Yongfeng
Liu Yongfeng
中科院分区:
材料科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pu Kaichao;Qu Xiaolei;Zhang Xin;Hu Jianjiang;Gu Changdong;Wu Yongjun;Gao Mingxia;Pan Hongge;Liu Yongfeng

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抑制枝晶的形成和减轻片状/镀过程中的体积膨胀是开发实用锂金属阳极的关键挑战。粉末形式的金属锂由于具有较大的比表面积而具有很大的潜力来解决这一问题。然而,由于其独特的柔软性、粘性和高反应性,粉末金属锂的制造在很大程度上受到限制。本文报道了一种安全易行的锂粉低温研磨工艺。在低温条件下,利用高熔点离子液体,成功制备了纳米级锂粉(<500 nm)。所制备的锂粉阳极在对称电池中表现出优异的电化学性能,包括极低而稳定的过电位(≈50 mV),超高的面积容量(30 mAh cm - 2),以及良好的长期可循环性(1200 h),甚至在高电流密度(10 mA cm - 2)下循环。粉末形式的锂也可以作为无锂阳极(如Si, SiO和SnO2)的有利预锂化试剂。这一发现为下一代锂电池的锂金属阳极的实际应用开辟了一条新的途径。
To suppress the dendrite formation and alleviate volume expansion upon striping/platting is a key challenge for developing practical lithium metal anodes. Lithium metal in powder form possesses great potential to address this issue due to large specific surface area. However, the fabrication of powdery metallic lithium is largely restricted because of its unique softness, stickiness, and high reactivity. Here, a safe and readily accessible cryomilling process toward lithium powders is reported. Nanoscaled lithium powders (<500 nm) are successfully prepared from lithium foils with the assistance of a high‐melting‐point ionic liquid under cryogenic temperature. The prepared lithium powder anode exhibits superior electrochemical properties in symmetric cells, including extraordinarily low yet stable overpotential (≈50 mV), ultrahigh area capacity (30 mAh cm−2), and good long‐term cyclability (1200 h) even cycling at high current density (10 mA cm−2). The powdery form of lithium also functions as a favorable prelithiation reagent for lithium‐free anodes (e.g., Si, SiO, and SnO2). The findings open up a new avenue for the real‐world application of lithium metal anodes for next‐generation lithium batteries.
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