The effect of excess of carbon dioxide and of want of oxygen upon the respiration and the circulation
The effect of excess of carbon dioxide and of want of oxygen upon the respiration and the circulation
复制标题
过量二氧化碳和缺氧对呼吸和循环的影响
DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1908.sp001258
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发表时间：
1908
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Flack
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Hill;M. Flack
保罗·伯特（Paul Bert）在他发表在《气压计》（La Pression Barometrique）上的经典研究中发现，死亡发生在一个封闭的空间中，氧气供应充足，当哺乳动物的二氧化碳分压上升到30 /0，鸟类上升到24-28 0/0，爬行动物上升到131-17 0/0时。Bert还确定，在含有30-40 0/0的空气的呼吸期间，CO2的体积百分比在静脉血中可能上升到120，在动脉血中可能上升到116，在组织液中可能上升到40; 10-15是最后（狗）的正常量。当动脉血中含有高达80-90 0/0时，动物完全麻醉，血压高，心跳频繁，但没有生命危险。动物呼吸空气后很快恢复了知觉。二氧化碳的这种麻醉作用已被几位工作者证实，并主张将其与氧气结合使用作为有用的麻醉剂（Grehant，Benedicenti等）。众所周知，纯CO2是一种不可呼吸的气体，与其他不可呼吸的气体，如卤素及其H化合物和氨等一样，它会引起声门痉挛痉挛是一种反射效应（霍-克反射），取决于鼻粘膜的兴奋和第五神经的完整性。Kratschmer指出，在切断两条第五神经后，当这些气体被吸入或吹入鼻子时，声门不再闭合。
Paul Bert in his classical researches published in La Pression Barometrique(l) found that death occurred in a closed space, the oxygen supply being ample, when the partial pressuire of CO2 rose to 30 /0 in the case of mammals, to 24-28 0/0 in the case of birds, to 131-17 0/0 in that of reptiles. Bert also determined that the percentage volume of C02, during the respiration of air containing 30-40 0/0, might rise to 120 in venous blood, to 116 in arterial, and to 40 in the tissue fluids; 10-15 being the niormal amount in the last (dog). When the arterial blood contained as much as 80-90 0/0 the animal was comiipletely anmesthetic, the blood-pressure high, the heart beat frequent, but life was not endangered. The animal quickly recovered on breathing air, consciousness being speedily regained. This anaesthetic effect of carbon dioxide has been confirmed by several workers, and its employment in combination with oxygen as a useful anaesthetic has been advocated (Grehant, Benedicenti, etc.). As is well known pure CO2 is an irrespirable gas, and like other irrespirable gases, such as the halogens and their H compounds, and ammonia, etc., it produces spasin of the glottis. The spasm is a reflex effect (the Holmgren-Kratschmer reflex) depending upon the excitation of the nasal mucous membrane and upon the integrity of the fifth nerve. Kratschmer showed that, after section of both fifth nerves, the closure of the glottis no longer occurred when these gases were inhaled or blown into the nose.