The environment of poverty: Multiple stressor exposure, psychophysiological stress, and socioemotional adjustment
The environment of poverty: Multiple stressor exposure, psychophysiological stress, and socioemotional adjustment
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/1467-8624.00469
复制
发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
English, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, GW;English, K
在美国，五分之一在贫困中长大的儿童面临社会情绪困难的风险。导致其风险升高的一个因素可能是暴露于多种身体和心理社会压力。这项研究表明，8至10岁，低收入，农村儿童（N = 287）面临着更广泛的多种物理（不合标准的住房，噪音，拥挤）和心理社会（家庭动荡，幼儿分离，社区暴力）的压力比他们的中等收入的同行。先前关于市中心少数民族儿童自我报告的痛苦的研究在低收入的农村白色儿童中得到了复制和扩展，有证据表明自我和父母报告的心理痛苦水平较高，自我调节行为（延迟满足）的困难较大，心理生理压力（静息血压，夜间神经内分泌激素）升高。初步的中介分析与横截面数据表明，累积的压力暴露可能部分原因是有据可查的，伴随贫困的社会情绪困难的风险升高。
The one in five children growing up in poverty in America have elevated risk for socioemotional difficulties. One contributing factor to their elevated risk may be exposure to multiple physical and psychosocial stressors. This study demonstrated that 8- to 10-year-old, low-income, rural children (N = 287) confront a wider array of multiple physical (substandard housing, noise, crowding) and psychosocial (family turmoil, early childhood separation, community violence) stressors than do their middle-income counterparts. Prior research on self-reported distress among inner-city minority children is replicated and extended among low-income, rural White children with evidence of higher levels of self- and parent-reported psychological distress, greater difficulties in self-regulatory behavior (delayed gratification), and elevated psychophysiological stress (resting blood pressure, overnight neuroendocrine hormones). Preliminary mediational analyses with cross-sectional data suggest that cumulative stressor exposure may partially account for the well-documented, elevated risk of socioemotional difficulties accompanying poverty.