Gender and Anxiety in Nepal: The Role of Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Structural Violence
Gender and Anxiety in Nepal: The Role of Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Structural Violence
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00096.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Worthman, Carol M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kohrt, Brandon A.;Worthman, Carol M.
目的：本研究评估性别在尼泊尔压力生活事件（SLEs）和社会支持对焦虑风险的调节作用（效果调节剂）。采用横断面随机抽样设计，在某农村社区招募316人。参与者完成了贝克焦虑量表（BAI）、压力生活事件评定量表（SLERS）和社会支持测量。结果：焦虑的患病率因性别而异：36.9%的女性和20.4%的男性承认焦虑症状高于干预的有效临界值（优势比[OR] = 2.3, 95%可信区间[CI] = 1.4-3.8）。社会支持的数量和社会支持水平没有性别差异，性别也没有调节社会支持和焦虑之间的关系。性别确实调节了社会支持与焦虑的关系。报告低社会支持的男性比报告高社会支持的男性有3.5倍的几率（95% CI = 1.4-10.7）认同焦虑。女性没有表现出焦虑与社会支持的关联。结论：尼泊尔妇女的焦虑风险更大。社会支持可以缓和男性的焦虑风险，但对女性没有作用。需要进行人种学和混合方法研究，以确定可能保护妇女的其他形式的支持，并应在注重性别的心理健康干预措施中促进这些因素。
Aims: This study evaluated the role of gender as a moderator (effect modifier) of stressful life events (SLEs) and social support on the risk of anxiety in Nepal. A cross-sectional random sampling design was employed to recruit 316 persons in a rural community. The participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Stressful Life Events Rating Scale (SLERS), and a measure of social support.Results: The prevalence of anxiety differed by gender: 36.9% of women versus 20.4% of men endorsed anxiety symptoms above the validated cutoff for intervention (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-3.8). The number of SLEs and levels of social support did not differ by gender, nor did gender moderate the relationship between SLEs and anxiety. Gender did moderate the relationship of social support with anxiety. Men who reported low social support had 3.5 times greater odds (95% CI = 1.4-10.7) of endorsing anxiety relative to men reporting high social support. Women exhibited no association of anxiety with social support.Conclusion: Women are at a greater risk of anxiety in Nepal. Social support moderates the risk of anxiety among men but not among women. Ethnography and mixed-methods research are needed to identify other forms of support that may be protective for women and such factors should be promoted in gender-focused mental health interventions.