Revealing the short-range structure of the mirror nuclei 3H and 3He

Revealing the short-range structure of the mirror nuclei 3H and 3He
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-022-05007-2
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发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
Nature
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
S.Li;R.Cruz-Torres;N.Santiesteban;Z.H.Ye;D.Abrams;S.Alsalmi;D.Androic;K.Aniol;J.Arrington;T.Averett;C. Gayoso;J.Bane;S.Barcus;J.Barrow;A.Beck;V.Bellini;H.Bhatt;D.Bhetuwal;D.Biswas;D.Bulumulla;A.Camsonne;J.Castellanos;J.Chen;J-P.Chen;D.Chrisman;M.E.Christy;C.Clarke;S.Covrig;K.Craycraft;D.Day;D.Dutta;E.Fuchey;C.Gal;F.Garibaldi;T.N.Gautam;T.Gogami;J.Gomez;P.Gueye;A.Habarakada;T.J.Hague;J.-O.Hansen;F.Hauenstein;W.Henry;D.W.Higinbotham;R.J.Holt;C.Hyde;T.Itabashi;M.Kaneta;A.Karki;A.T.Katramatou;C.E.Keppel;M.Khachatryan;V.Khachatryan;P.M.King;I.Korover;L.Kurbany;T.Kutz;N.Lashley-Colthirst;W.B.Li;H.Liu;N.Liyanage;E.Long;J.Mammei;P.Markowitz;R.E.McClellan;F.Meddi;D.Meekins;S. Beck;R.Michaels;M.Mihovilovivc;A.Moyer;S.Nagao;V.Nelyubin;D.Nguyen;M.Nycz;M.Olson;L.Ou;V.Owen;C.Palatchi;B.Pandey;A.Papadopoulou;S.Park;S.Paul;T.Petkovic;R.Pomatsalyuk;S.Premathilake;V.Punjabi;R.D.Ransome;P.E.Reimer;J.Reinhold;S.Riordan;J.Roche;V.M.Rodriguez;A.Schmidt;B.Schmookler;E.P.Segarra;A.Shahinyan;K.Slifer;P.Solvignon;S.vSirca;T.Su;R.Suleiman;H.Szumila-Vance;L.Tang;Y.Tian;W.Tireman;F.Tortorici;Y.Toyama;K.Uehara;G.M.Urciuoli;D.Votaw;J.Williamson;B.Wojtsekhowski;S.Wood;J.Zhang;X.Zheng
S.Li;R.Cruz-Torres;N.Santiesteban;Z.H.Ye;D.Abrams;S.Alsalmi;D.Androic;K.Aniol;J.Arrington;T.Averett;C. Gayoso;J.Bane;S.Barcus;J.Barrow;A.Beck;V.Bellini;H.Bhatt;D.Bhetuwal;D.Biswas;D.Bulumulla;A.Camsonne;J.Castellanos;J.Chen;J-P.Chen;D.Chrisman;M.E.Christy;C.Clarke;S.Covrig;K.Craycraft;D.Day;D.Dutta;E.Fuchey;C.Gal;F.Garibaldi;T.N.Gautam;T.Gogami;J.Gomez;P.Gueye;A.Habarakada;T.J.Hague;J.-O.Hansen;F.Hauenstein;W.Henry;D.W.Higinbotham;R.J.Holt;C.Hyde;T.Itabashi;M.Kaneta;A.Karki;A.T.Katramatou;C.E.Keppel;M.Khachatryan;V.Khachatryan;P.M.King;I.Korover;L.Kurbany;T.Kutz;N.Lashley-Colthirst;W.B.Li;H.Liu;N.Liyanage;E.Long;J.Mammei;P.Markowitz;R.E.McClellan;F.Meddi;D.Meekins;S. Beck;R.Michaels;M.Mihovilovivc;A.Moyer;S.Nagao;V.Nelyubin;D.Nguyen;M.Nycz;M.Olson;L.Ou;V.Owen;C.Palatchi;B.Pandey;A.Papadopoulou;S.Park;S.Paul;T.Petkovic;R.Pomatsalyuk;S.Premathilake;V.Punjabi;R.D.Ransome;P.E.Reimer;J.Reinhold;S.Riordan;J.Roche;V.M.Rodriguez;A.Schmidt;B.Schmookler;E.P.Segarra;A.Shahinyan;K.Slifer;P.Solvignon;S.vSirca;T.Su;R.Suleiman;H.Szumila-Vance;L.Tang;Y.Tian;W.Tireman;F.Tortorici;Y.Toyama;K.Uehara;G.M.Urciuoli;D.Votaw;J.Williamson;B.Wojtsekhowski;S.Wood;J.Zhang;X.Zheng
中科院分区：
综合性期刊1区
文献类型：
--
作者：
S.Li;R.Cruz-Torres;N.Santiesteban;Z.H.Ye;D.Abrams;S.Alsalmi;D.Androic;K.Aniol;J.Arrington;T.Averett;C. Gayoso;J.Bane;S.Barcus;J.Barrow;A.Beck;V.Bellini;H.Bhatt;D.Bhetuwal;D.Biswas;D.Bulumulla;A.Camsonne;J.Castellanos;J.Chen;J-P.Chen;D.Chrisman;M.E.Christy;C.Clarke;S.Covrig;K.Craycraft;D.Day;D.Dutta;E.Fuchey;C.Gal;F.Garibaldi;T.N.Gautam;T.Gogami;J.Gomez;P.Gueye;A.Habarakada;T.J.Hague;J.-O.Hansen;F.Hauenstein;W.Henry;D.W.Higinbotham;R.J.Holt;C.Hyde;T.Itabashi;M.Kaneta;A.Karki;A.T.Katramatou;C.E.Keppel;M.Khachatryan;V.Khachatryan;P.M.King;I.Korover;L.Kurbany;T.Kutz;N.Lashley-Colthirst;W.B.Li;H.Liu;N.Liyanage;E.Long;J.Mammei;P.Markowitz;R.E.McClellan;F.Meddi;D.Meekins;S. Beck;R.Michaels;M.Mihovilovivc;A.Moyer;S.Nagao;V.Nelyubin;D.Nguyen;M.Nycz;M.Olson;L.Ou;V.Owen;C.Palatchi;B.Pandey;A.Papadopoulou;S.Park;S.Paul;T.Petkovic;R.Pomatsalyuk;S.Premathilake;V.Punjabi;R.D.Ransome;P.E.Reimer;J.Reinhold;S.Riordan;J.Roche;V.M.Rodriguez;A.Schmidt;B.Schmookler;E.P.Segarra;A.Shahinyan;K.Slifer;P.Solvignon;S.vSirca;T.Su;R.Suleiman;H.Szumila-Vance;L.Tang;Y.Tian;W.Tireman;F.Tortorici;Y.Toyama;K.Uehara;G.M.Urciuoli;D.Votaw;J.Williamson;B.Wojtsekhowski;S.Wood;J.Zhang;X.Zheng

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当质子和中子（核子）结合成原子核时，它们足够接近，可以感受到来自核子-核子相互作用中强的短距离部分的显著吸引力或排斥力。这些强相互作用导致核子之间的硬碰撞，产生被称为短程关联（SRC）的高能核子对。SRC是核结构的一个重要但相对知之甚少的部分，因此绘制出这些虚拟激发的强度和同位旋结构（中子-质子（np）与质子-质子（pp）对）是模拟一系列核，粒子和天体物理测量的关键输入。双核子敲除或“三重符合”反应已被用于通过从SRC敲除质子并检测其伙伴核子（质子或中子）来测量np-SRC和pp-SRC的相对贡献。这些测量结果表明，SRC几乎完全是NP对，但它们的统计数据有限，需要大的模型依赖的最终状态相互作用的校正。在这里，我们报告的测量使用包容性散射从镜像核氢-3和氦-3提取的np/pp比的SRC系统中的质量数为3。我们得到的测量的NP/PP SRC比，这是一个数量级更精确的比以前的实验，并发现一个显着的偏差，从近总NP的优势观察到重核。这一结果意味着氢-3和氦-3的高动量波函数中存在一种意想不到的结构。理解这些结果将提高我们对核子-核子相互作用短程部分的理解。
When protons and neutrons (nucleons) are bound into atomic nuclei, they are close enough to feel significant attraction, or repulsion, from the strong, short-distance part of the nucleon–nucleon interaction. These strong interactions lead to hard collisions between nucleons, generating pairs of highly energetic nucleons referred to as short-range correlations (SRCs). SRCs are an important but relatively poorly understood part of nuclear structure, –, and mapping out the strength and the isospin structure (neutron–proton (np) versus proton–proton (pp) pairs) of these virtual excitations is thus critical input for modelling a range of nuclear, particle and astrophysics measurements, –. Two-nucleon knockout or ‘triple coincidence’ reactions have been used to measure the relative contribution of np-SRCs and pp-SRCs by knocking out a proton from the SRC and detecting its partner nucleon (proton or neutron). These measurements, –have shown that SRCs are almost exclusively np pairs, but they had limited statistics and required large model-dependent final-state interaction corrections. Here we report on measurements using inclusive scattering from the mirror nuclei hydrogen-3 and helium-3 to extract the np/pp ratio of SRCs in systems with a mass number of three. We obtain a measure of the np/pp SRC ratio that is an order of magnitude more precise than previous experiments, and find a marked deviation from the near-total np dominance observed in heavy nuclei. This result implies an unexpected structure in the high-momentum wavefunction for hydrogen-3 and helium-3. Understanding these results will improve our understanding of the short-range part of the nucleon–nucleon interaction.