HIV immunology and new therapies.
HIV immunology and new therapies.
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HIV免疫学和新疗法。
DOI：
10.1002/ppul.70052
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kolls,JayK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kolls,JayK
Despite advances in highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), pulmonary infection with Pneumocystis carinii remains a significant severe opportunistic infection to complicate HIV infection (1; 2). P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the index infection for AIDS in 25-40 percent of cases (1; 3). In patients with established AIDS, prophylactic regimens have decreased the overall incidence of PCP, but in most patients this means that PCP is delayed rather than eliminated. For example, in patients with CD4 counts< 200/μl, the use of contemporary prophylactic regimens is still associated with an approximate 18% risk of PCP over a 36 month period (4). The widespread use of PCP prophylaxis also means that greater than 80% of PCP cases in current patient cohorts are now breakthrough cases (5). Moreover, in one study of high-risk children, the incidence of PCP has not declined despite continued efforts to identify HIV-infected infants and initiate PCP prophylaxis (6). However, if HAART is successful as determined by an increase in CD4þ T-cell count above 200/μl, the data to date show that PCP prophylaxis can be safely discontinued in these individuals (7; 8). This is again points to the strong, inverse correlation of CD4þ T cell status and risk of PCP. Unfortunately, not all AIDS patients respond to HAART and drug resistance is emerging (9; 10).
