First evidence of widespread active methane seepage in the Southern Ocean, off the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia

First evidence of widespread active methane seepage in the Southern Ocean, off the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia
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南乔治亚岛亚南极岛附近南大洋广泛活跃甲烷渗漏的第一个证据

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.036
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Römer M
Römer M
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Römer M

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2013年春季,在"北极星"号研究船ANT-XXIX/4巡航期间,在南格鲁吉亚的北方大陆架发现了一个广泛的海底冷渗区。水声测量记录了133个气泡排放物的存在,这些排放物仅限于冰川形成的峡湾和槽。基于视频的海底观测证实了气体排放和空间相关的微生物垫的海底起源。近底层沃茨中溶解甲烷的相对富集证明了这些排放物中甲烷向水圈的有效迁移。稳定的碳同位素特征表明,一个主要的微生物甲烷形成,大概是基于高有机质沉积在这一地区。虽然已知在世界各大洋的许多大陆边都有甲烷渗漏,但这是关于南大洋甲烷渗漏活跃区的第一份报告。我们发现大量甲烷排放与槽和峡湾系统有关,这是一种在受冰川影响的地区普遍存在的地形环境,这开辟了甲烷渗漏在极地和亚极地地区比以前认为的更普遍的现象的可能性。
An extensive submarine cold-seep area was discovered on the northern shelf of South Georgia during R/V Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIX/4 in spring 2013. Hydroacoustic surveys documented the presence of 133 gas bubble emissions, which were restricted to glacially-formed fjords and troughs. Video-based sea floor observations confirmed the sea floor origin of the gas emissions and spatially related microbial mats. Effective methane transport from these emissions into the hydrosphere was proven by relative enrichments of dissolved methane in near-bottom waters. Stable carbon isotopic signatures pointed to a predominant microbial methane formation, presumably based on high organic matter sedimentation in this region. Although known from many continental margins in the world's oceans, this is the first report of an active area of methane seepage in the Southern Ocean. Our finding of substantial methane emission related to a trough and fjord system, a topographical setting that exists commonly in glacially-affected areas, opens up the possibility that methane seepage is a more widespread phenomenon in polar and sub-polar regions than previously thought.
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