ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS
ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS
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DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican1093-58
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发表时间：
1993-10-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
MARTIN, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HALSEY, TC;MARTIN, JE
托马斯C.作者声明：James E.在过去的几年里，马丁对电流变学领域作出了重大贡献。自1987年以来，哈尔西一直是芝加哥大学詹姆斯·弗兰克研究所的物理学助理教授。获得博士学位后，从哈佛大学毕业后，他成为斯隆研究员和总统青年研究员。1986年，他在法国萨克雷的核研究中心担任理论物理学的访问科学家。马丁是桑迪亚国家实验室技术研究所的高级成员。1981年，他在获得博士学位后加入了桑迪亚的国家安全局。华盛顿大学物理化学专业。带电粒子之间的相互作用是电流变效应的关键。一个具有带正电的极和带负电的极的粒子可以排斥或吸引以相同方式极化的另一个粒子（如上所述）。当粒子并排时，相似极之间的排斥力迫使它们分开。当粒子垂直排列时，不同极之间的吸引力将它们聚集在一起。在右图中，一个处于排斥区（橙子）的极化粒子绕到另一个粒子的吸引区（紫色）。如果悬浮在液体中的许多极化粒子以这种方式相互作用，粒子将形成链，液体将表现出电流变效应，即液体将膨胀甚至固化。
THOMAS C. HALSEY and JAMES E. MARTIN have made major contributions to the ‘eld of electrorheology during the past few years. Since 1987 Halsey has been an assistant professor of physics in the James Franck Institute at the University of Chicago. After earning his Ph. D. in physics from Harvard University, he became a Sloan Research Fellow and a Presidential Young Investigator. In 1986 he served as a visiting scientist in theoretical physics at the Center for Nuclear Studies in Saclay, France. Martin is a senior member of the technical sta” at Sandia National Laboratories. He joined the sta” at Sandia in 1981 after earning a Ph. D. in physical chemistry from the University of Washington.INTERACTION between charged particles is the key to the electrorheological e” ect. A particle that has a positively charged pole and a negatively charged pole can either repel or attract another particle polarized in the same manner (above). When particles are side by side, the repulsion between like poles forces them apart. When particles align vertically, the attraction between unlike poles brings them together. In the illustration at the right, a polarized particle in the repulsive zone (orange) of another particle circles around into the attractive zone (purple). If many polarized particles suspended in a’uid interact in this way, the particles will form chains, and the’uid will exhibit the electrorheological e” ect; that is, the’uid will thicken or even solidify.