Do nutrient-gut-microbiota interactions play a role in human obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?
Do nutrient-gut-microbiota interactions play a role in human obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00797.x
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
de Vos, W. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diamant, M.;Blaak, E. E.;de Vos, W. M.
目前肥胖和2型糖尿病的流行除了在易感基因背景下改变饮食和运动习惯外，还有其他原因。肠道细菌似乎还有助于体重，脂肪分布，胰岛素敏感性以及葡萄糖和脂质代谢的差异。大多数来自临床前研究的数据表明，肠道微生物群在肥胖、糖尿病、代谢综合征和非酒精性脂肪肝等疾病中起着重要作用。通过消化我们饮食中原本难以消化的常见多糖来调节从肠道摄取的能量，产生或激活参与宿主代谢的信号分子，改变肠道通透性，释放肠道激素和炎症，是肠道微生物群可能影响宿主心脏代谢表型的机制之一。最近的证据表明，肠道微生物群的数量和质量差异存在于瘦和肥胖之间，以及糖尿病和非糖尿病个体之间。通过特定的饮食或药物干预来改变肠道微生物群组成和/或其生化能力可能会对宿主代谢产生有利影响。大规模的干预试验，调查益生元和益生菌在改善高危人群的心脏代谢健康方面的潜在益处，正受到人们的热切期待。
P>The current obesity and type 2 diabetes pandemics have causes beyond changes in eating and exercise habits against a susceptible genetic background. Gut bacteria seem to additionally contribute to the differences in body weight, fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and glucose- and lipid-metabolism. Data, mostly derived from preclinical studies, suggest that gut microbiota play an important role in conditions such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Regulation of energy uptake from the gut, by digesting otherwise indigestible common polysaccharides in our diet, production or activation of signalling molecules involved in host metabolism, modification of gut permeability, the release of gut hormones and inflammation, are among the mechanisms by which gut microbiota may influence the host cardiometabolic phenotype. Recent evidence suggests that quantitative and qualitative differences in gut microbiota exist between lean and obese, and between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Modification of the gut microbiota composition and/or its biochemical capacity by specific dietary or pharmacological interventions may favourably affect host metabolism. Large-scale intervention trials, investigating the potential benefit of prebiotics and probiotics in improving cardiometabolic health in high-risk populations, are eagerly awaited.