Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the U.S. population: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and comparisons with NHANES 1999-2000.
Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the U.S. population: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and comparisons with NHANES 1999-2000.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.10598
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发表时间：
2007-11
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Needham, Larry L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Calafat, Antonia M;Wong, Lee-Yang;Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna;Reidy, John A;Needham, Larry L
自20世纪50年代以来，多氟烷基化学品（PFC）已被用于许多商业应用。美国普通民众广泛接触全氟化学品。自2002年以来，美国的全氟化学品制造做法发生了很大变化。我们旨在评估全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）、和其他八种PFC，并确定自1999年以来血清浓度是否发生了变化。2000年全国健康和营养检查调查。通过使用自动固相萃取耦合同位素稀释-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法，我们分析了2003-2004年NHANES参与者收集的2,094份血清样本。我们在> 98%的样本中检测到PFOS、PFOA、PFHxS和PFNA。浓度因种族/族裔和性别而异。几何平均浓度显著低于（全氟辛烷磺酸约为32%，全氟辛酸为25%，全氟硫化氢为10%）和高于（全氟萘甲酸为100%）1999-2000年国家健康和营养评价系统报告的浓度（p < 0.001）。2003-2004年，在美国普通人群中，全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛酸、全氟硫化氢和全氟萘甲酸的血清浓度在所研究的每个人口群体中都可以测量。2003-2004年全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛酸和全氟硫化氢的几何平均浓度低于1999-2000年。全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛酸和全氟硫化氢浓度的明显减少很可能与2002年停止了全氟辛烷磺酸和相关的全氟辛烷磺酰氟化合物的电化学氯化工业生产有关。
Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been used since the 1950s in numerous commercial applications. Exposure of the general U.S. population to PFCs is widespread. Since 2002, the manufacturing practices for PFCs in the United States have changed considerably. We aimed to assess exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and eight other PFCs in a representative 2003–2004 sample of the general U.S. population ≥ 12 years of age and to determine whether serum concentrations have changed since the 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). By using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution–high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we analyzed 2,094 serum samples collected from NHANES 2003–2004 participants. We detected PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA in > 98% of the samples. Concentrations differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Geometric mean concentrations were significantly lower (approximately 32% for PFOS, 25% for PFOA, 10% for PFHxS) and higher (100%, PFNA) than the concentrations reported in NHANES 1999–2000 (p < 0.001). In the general U.S. population in 2003–2004, PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA serum concentrations were measurable in each demographic population group studied. Geometric mean concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS in 2003–2004 were lower than in 1999–2000. The apparent reductions in concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS most likely are related to discontinuation in 2002 of industrial production by electrochemical fluorination of PFOS and related perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride compounds.