Tempering-residue on heat-treated silcrete: an experimental perspective and a potential analytical protocol
Tempering-residue on heat-treated silcrete: an experimental perspective and a potential analytical protocol
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热处理硅混凝土的回火残留物：实验视角和潜在的分析方案
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.08.014
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Bellot‐Gurlet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Schmidt;E. February;K. Bretzke;L. Bellot‐Gurlet
南非中石器时代的硅粘土热处理被认为是早期解剖学上的现代人类进化的几个关键概念的代表，尽管对其使用的技术和程序知之甚少。热处理后的人工制品上的回火残留物是这种加热技术的少数已知代用品之一。据报道，这表明热处理是在露天大火中进行的，而不是在沙浴中进行的。然而，在回火残渣可以作为明火热处理的明确代理之前，有几个问题需要回答。这些问题包括：它是否只在与余烬接触时形成？它只由绿色木材生产吗？我们研究了回火残渣形成的条件下，使用实验方法和木材从南非的天然硅粘土区发生。我们的结果证实了早期的出版物，强调回火残渣只形成在热处理过程中与余烬直接接触。此外，它表明在这些火灾中使用的是绿色（未干燥的）木材。我们还提出了一种潜在的非破坏性分析方案，用于利用红外和拉曼光谱识别硅粘土制品上的回火残留物。这些结果对我们对早期石器热处理和中石器时代考古学的理解的意义，在关于早期智人的技术复杂性、所需投资和现代行为的持续辩论中得到了强调。
Silcrete heat treatment in the South African Middle Stone Age has been understood as a proxy for several key concepts in the evolution of early anatomically modern humans, although relatively little is yet known about the techniques and procedures used for it. Tempering-residue on heat-treated artefacts is one of the few known proxies for such a heating technique. It was reported to indicate heat treatment in open-air fires rather than in a sand-bath. There are however, several questions that need to be answered before tempering-residue can be used as an unambiguous proxy for heat treatment in open-air fires. These questions included: does it exclusively form in contact with embers? Is it only produced by green wood? We investigate the conditions under which tempering-residue forms using an experimental approach and wood from the zone of natural silcrete occurrence in South Africa. Our results confirm earlier publications by highlighting that tempering-residue only forms during heat treatment in direct contact with embers. Moreover, it indicates the use of green (not dried) wood in these fires. We also propose a potentially non-destructive analysis protocol for identifying tempering-residue on silcrete artefacts using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The implications of these results for our understanding of early stone heat treatment and Middle Stone Age archaeology in general are highlighted by the ongoing debate about technical complexity, required investment and modern behaviours of earlyHomo sapiens.
先前未描述的有机残留物揭示了中石器时代的热处理
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Schmidt;Porraz;Bellot-Gurlet;February;Ligouis;Texier;Parkington;Miller;Nickel;Conard
通讯作者：
Conard