Butterfly life history and temperature adaptations; dry open habitats select for increased fecundity and longevity
Butterfly life history and temperature adaptations; dry open habitats select for increased fecundity and longevity
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2004.00902.x
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Wiklund, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karlsson, B;Wiklund, C
1.有证据表明，温度相关的性能曲线的变化可以触发生活史特征的选择性反应。因此，应该预期适应不同温度制度的昆虫应该在它们所适应的温度下表现出最佳性能。为了验证这个想法，我们调查了环境温度对一组分别适应于生活在干燥开放景观或封闭森林景观中的satyrine蝴蝶的繁殖力和寿命的影响，通过将产卵的成年雌性保持在20至40摄氏度之间的五种不同恒定温度下。我们研究了四个物种，其中两个仅限于干燥和炎热的开放栖息地，即灰（Hipparchia semele）和小石南（Coenapropha pamphilus），其中两个是阴影居住，即小环（Aphantopus hyperantus）和斑点木蝴蝶（Pararge aegeria）。结果表明，野外种群的一生生殖力与温度呈钟形曲线关系，野外种群在30 ℃时达到峰值，而阴地种群在25 ℃时达到峰值。所有物种的寿命随着温度的升高而降低，但开放景观生活物种在较高的温度下存活得更好。此外，虽然生殖努力的大小衡量一生的蛋质量没有不同的两个生态组，一生的繁殖力与开放的景观物种比阴影居住的物种产更多和更小的蛋。生活史特征的这种差异表明，无论是干燥和相对温暖的开放栖息地打开生活史的机会，在较高的繁殖力和寿命，仍然关闭适应较冷的温度的蝴蝶，或生活在干燥的开放栖息地积极选择较高的繁殖力和生存的后代死亡率增加的结果。
1. Evidence suggests that changes of temperature-related performance curves can trigger a selective response in life-history traits. Hence, it should be expected that insects adapted to different temperature regimes should exhibit optimal performance at the temperature to which they are adapted.2. To test this idea we investigated how fecundity and longevity are influenced by ambient temperatures in a set of satyrine butterflies adapted to live in dry open landscapes or in closed forest landscapes, respectively, by keeping egg-laying adult females at five different constant temperatures ranging between 20 and 40degreesC.3. We studied four species, two of which are confined to dry and hot open habitats, namely the grayling (Hipparchia semele) and the small heath (Coenonympha pamphilus), and two of which are shade dwelling, namely the ringlet (Aphantopus hyperantus) and the speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria).4. As predicted, the results showed that lifetime fecundity exhibited bell-shaped curves in relation to temperature with the open landscape group peaking at a higher temperature, 30degreesC, compared with the shade-dwelling group that peaked at 25degreesC. Longevity decreased with increasing temperatures among all species, but the open landscape living species survived better at higher temperatures. Moreover, although the magnitude of reproductive effort measured as lifetime egg mass did not differ between the two ecological groups, lifetime fecundity did with open landscape species laying more and smaller eggs than the shade-dwelling species.5. This difference in life-history character traits suggests either that dry and relatively warm open habitats open life-history opportunities in terms of higher fecundity and longevity that remain closed to butterflies adapted to cooler temperatures, or that life in dry open habitats actively selects for higher fecundity and survival as a result of increased offspring mortality.