Climate change alters the reproductive phenology and investment of a lacustrine fish, the three-spine stickleback
Climate change alters the reproductive phenology and investment of a lacustrine fish, the three-spine stickleback
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13531
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Quinn, Thomas P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hovel, Rachel A.;Carlson, Stephanie M.;Quinn, Thomas P.
高纬度湖泊对全球气候变化的影响特别敏感，表现出更早的冰裂、更长的无冰期和更高的水温。这种物理变化对整个湖泊食物网中分类群的不同生活史特征有影响。在这里，我们使用阿拉斯加湖50年的时间序列来探索气候变化对广泛分布的三刺刺鱼(Gasterbone Us Aculeatus)生长和繁殖的影响。我们使用多元自回归状态空间(MARSS)模型来描述多个尺寸级的平均长度的趋势，并探讨物理(破冰日期、地表水温)和生物(同种和异种生物密度)因素的影响。正如预测的那样，随着冰的提前破裂和气温的升高，生长季节结束时1岁和更年长的鱼的平均大小会随着时间的推移而增加。相比之下，0岁鱼的平均大小随着时间的推移而减少。总体而言，较低的鱼类密度和较高的水温与所有队列的体型较大有关。更早的冰破裂与1岁和年长的鱼的体型较大有关，但矛盾的是，与0岁的鱼的体型较小有关。为了探索后一个结果，我们使用了关于0岁大小分布的混合模型，这揭示了在早期冰裂的年份中增加了一个队列，降低了0岁鱼的平均大小。此外，较早的冰破裂与较早的繁殖有关，从较早捕获0岁的鱼就可以证明这一点。我们的结果表明，早期的冰裂改变了繁殖的时间和频率；三刺鱼更早和更频繁地产卵，以响应更早的冰裂日期。虽然之前的研究已经显示了北方湖泊条件变化对繁殖时机和生长的影响，但这是第一次记录繁殖频率增加，突显了气候变化改变北方湖泊生态的另一条途径。
High-latitude lakes are particularly sensitive to the effects of global climate change, demonstrating earlier ice breakup, longer ice-free seasons, and increased water temperatures. Such physical changes have implications for diverse life-history traits in taxa across entire lake food webs. Here, we use a five-decade time series from an Alaskan lake to explore effects of climate change on growth and reproduction of a widely distributed lacustrine fish, the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We used multivariate autoregressive state-space (MARSS) models to describe trends in the mean length for multiple size classes and to explore the influence of physical (date of ice breakup, surface water temperature) and biological (density of con-and heterospecifics) factors. As predicted, mean size of age 1 and older fish at the end of the growing season increased across years with earlier ice breakup and warmer temperatures. In contrast, mean size of age 0 fish decreased over time. Overall, lower fish density and warmer water temperatures were associated with larger size for all cohorts. Earlier ice breakup was associated with larger size for age 1 and older fish but, paradoxically, with smaller size of age 0 fish. To explore this latter result, we used mixing models on age 0 size distributions, which revealed an additional cohort in years with early ice breakup, lowering the mean size of age 0 fish. Moreover, early ice breakup was associated with earlier breeding, evidenced by earlier capture of age 0 fish. Our results suggest that early ice breakup altered both timing and frequency of breeding; three-spine stickleback spawned earlier and more often in response to earlier ice breakup date. While previous studies have shown the influence of changing conditions in northern lakes on breeding timing and growth, this is the first to document increased breeding frequency, highlighting another pathway by which climate change can alter the ecology of northern lakes.