ADULT OBESITY AND THE PRICE AND AVAILABILITY OF FOOD IN THE UNITED STATES
ADULT OBESITY AND THE PRICE AND AVAILABILITY OF FOOD IN THE UNITED STATES
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DOI：
10.1093/ajae/aaq106
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Han, Euna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powell, Lisa M.;Han, Euna
2003 年至 2004 年，美国成人肥胖率在女性和男性中分别达到 33.2% 和 31.1%（Ogden 等人，2006 年）。与肥胖相关的公共卫生风险有很多，包括过早死亡、2 型糖尿病、心脏病和癌症等（美国卫生与公众服务部，2001 年）。与肥胖相关的医疗支出估计为 1,470 亿美元（以 2008 年美元计算），纳税人通过医疗补助和医疗保险承担了大约一半的费用（Finkelstein 等人，2009 年）。据报道，在工作的成年人中，肥胖也会影响小时工资和就业概率，特别是对女性而言（Han、Norton 和 Stearns 2009）。食品价格、食品店供应情况和餐馆供应情况等经济背景因素越来越多地被提出和探索，作为美国肥胖率上升的可能解释。能量密集食品的低成本和便利性被认为是导致肥胖的关键因素。有人认为，美国肥胖流行的部分原因是激励措施的改变，随着时间的推移，消耗卡路里的相对价格下降，生产效率提高了体力活动的成本，工作变得更加久坐（Cutler、Glaeser 和 Shapiro 2003；Lakdawalla、Philipson 和 Bhattacharya 2005）。
Adult obesity in the United States reached 33.2% and 31.1% among females and males, respectively, in 2003-2004 (Ogden et al. 2006). The public health risks associated with obesity are numerous and include premature death, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, among others (US Department of Health and Human Services 2001). Obesity-related medical expenditures are estimated at $147 billion (in 2008 dollars), with taxpayers responsible for approximately half of the costs through Med-icaid and Medicare (Finkelstein et al. 2009). Among working adults, obesity also is reported to penalize hourly wages and the probability of employment, particularly for women (Han, Norton, and Stearns 2009). Economic contextual factors such as food prices, food store availability, and restaurant availability are increasingly being posited and explored as possible explanations for increased obesity rates in the United States. The low cost and convenience of energy-dense food are hypothesized as key contributors to obesity. TTie US obesity epidemic is argued to stem in part from altered incentives, where the rel-ative price of consuming a calorie has fallen over time, production efficiency has raised the cost of physical activity, and work has become more sedentary (Cutler, Glaeser, and Shapiro 2003; Lakdawalla, Philipson, and Bhattacharya 2005).