GENETIC-VARIATION IN QUANTITATIVE TRAITS AND SELECTIVE BREEDING IN FISH AND SHELLFISH
GENETIC-VARIATION IN QUANTITATIVE TRAITS AND SELECTIVE BREEDING IN FISH AND SHELLFISH
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DOI：
10.1016/0044-8486(83)90386-1
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
GJEDREM, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GJEDREM, T
在开始选择计划之前，必须准确定义育种目标。在大多数物种中，具有高度经济重要性的性状包括：生长速度、食物转化效率、抗病性、肉质和成熟年龄。列出了几个物种中重要性状的标准差和遗传力估计值。很少有估算是基于大量数据的，而且许多估算都缺失。尽管如此，我们得出的结论是，通过选择进行改良的可能性对于生长速度和成熟年龄特别有利，因为遗传变异很大并且高繁殖力使得强选择成为可能。对于肉质和抗病性遗传变异相当低，因此预计选择反应较慢。回顾了十六个选择实验。分别在 12 次和 4 次实验中对生长率和抗病性进行了选择。其中 15 个实验获得了积极响应。这些对选择的反应有力地支持了这样的结论：鱼类遗传改良的可能性是良好的。事实证明，基于个人和家庭综合优点的选择计划是最有效的。建议建立繁育站来开展选育计划。应高度重视构建选择指数所需的表型和遗传参数的估计。迫切需要启动和制定国家鱼类和贝类选择计划，以提高行业内的生产力。
Before selection programmes can be started, breeding objectives must be defined exactly. In most species, traits of high economic importance are: growth rate, food conversion efficiency, resistance to disease, meat quality and age at maturation.Estimates of standard deviation and heritability for important traits in several species are listed. Rather few estimates are based on extensive data, and many estimates are missing. Nevertheless, it is concluded that the possibilities for improvement through selection are particularly good for growth rate and age at maturation, because of large genetic variance and because high fecundity makes strong selection possible. For meat quality and disease resistance genetic variance is quite low, and therefore slower selection response is expected.Sixteen selection experiments are reviewed. Selection was practised for growth rate and disease resistance in 12 and four experiments, respectively. Positive response was obtained in 15 of these experiments. These responses to selection strongly support the conclusion that possibilities for genetic improvement are good in fish.Selection programmes based on combined individual and family merit are shown to be most efficient. It is recommended to establish breeding stations to carry out selection programmes. High priority should be given to the estimation of phenotypic and genetic parameters necessary to construct selection indexes.There is a strong need to initiate and develop national selection programmes for fish and shellfish to raise productivity within the industry.