Environmental gradients and physical barriers drive the basin‐wide spatial structuring of Mediterranean Sea and adjacent eastern Atlantic Ocean prokaryotic communities
Environmental gradients and physical barriers drive the basin‐wide spatial structuring of Mediterranean Sea and adjacent eastern Atlantic Ocean prokaryotic communities
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DOI：
10.1002/lno.11944
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
M. Sebastián;E. Ortega‐Retuerta;Laura Gómez-Consarnau;M. Zamanillo;M. Álvarez;J. Arístegui;J. Gasol
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Sebastián;E. Ortega‐Retuerta;Laura Gómez-Consarnau;M. Zamanillo;M. Álvarez;J. Arístegui;J. Gasol
地中海是一个微型海洋，被西西里海峡分为两个盆地，营养梯度明显由西向东，并被直布罗陀海峡与附近的东大西洋隔开。在这里，我们测试的假设，这些物理和环境的障碍有利于特定的原核生物组合的发展，导致在垂直和水平的空间尺度上的社区结构的变化。通过分析16 S rRNA基因的扩增子序列变体（ASVs）的分类和系统发育多样性，我们发现，确实有显着的垂直分离的原核生物群，类似于在海洋的其他地区，但也有一个明确的水平结构之间的两个地中海盆地和邻近的大西洋沃茨。原生生物多样性随着深度和大西洋的方向而增加，而最东端的站显示出更多的原生生物多样性，尽管全球范围内的多样性较低的社区。在每个盆地的表层和深海层，盆地指示类群（ASV）占群落的很大一部分（50%至80%），与不同的环境变量相关。地中海存在地理和环境障碍，可能与表层的营养梯度以及直布罗陀和西西里海峡造成的深层水体隔离有关。我们的工作突出了研究微生物区域生物地理学的重要性，并为未来研究地中海原核生物群落功能的区域化影响提供了基础。
The Mediterranean Sea is a miniature ocean divided by the Sicily Strait into two basins with a marked west to east trophic gradient and separated of the nearby eastern Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar. Here, we test the hypothesis that these physical and environmental barriers favor the development of specific prokaryotic assemblages, leading to changes in community structure both in the vertical and horizontal spatial scales. By analyzing taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the 16S rRNA gene, we show that there is indeed marked vertical segregation of prokaryotic groups, similar to that found in other areas of the ocean, but also a clear horizontal structuring among the two Mediterranean basins and the adjacent Atlantic waters. Prokaryotic diversity increased with depth and toward the Atlantic, whereas the easternmost stations displayed more phylogenetically diverse phylotypes, despite harboring globally less diverse communities. Basin‐indicator taxa (ASVs) accounted for a large fraction of the community (between 50% and 80%) in each of the basins at the surface and bathypelagic layers, being associated with different environmental variables. The existence of biogeographic and environmental barriers in the Mediterranean Sea is likely related to the trophic gradient at the surface and the isolation of water bodies in depth due to the Gibraltar and Sicily straits. Our work highlights the importance of studying microbial regional biogeography and provides the basis for future studies on the impact of this regionalization in the function of Mediterranean Sea prokaryotic communities.