Polar - a potent Polyoxin B compound for controlling powdery mildews in apple and nectarine trees, and grapevines
Polar - a potent Polyoxin B compound for controlling powdery mildews in apple and nectarine trees, and grapevines
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DOI：
10.1016/s0261-2194(00)00030-2
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发表时间：
2000-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Venezian, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reuveni, M;Cohen, H;Venezian, A
1997-1999年，在以色列戈兰地区的商业果园和一个葡萄园中，对多氧B化合物Polar防治白粉病的效果进行了评估。叶面喷洒0.0125-0.05%(v/v)的[1-{5-N-(5-O-carbomonyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-L-xylonyl)-5-amino-5-deoxy-beta-D-allofur-5-羟甲基尿嘧啶、硫磺、新的百菌灵杀菌剂克雷西姆-甲基和甾醇抑制剂(SI)杀菌剂，分别对大田苹果树、油桃和葡萄的叶片、果实和叶片以及果串上的白粉病真菌的生长具有抑制作用。多氧菌素B对苹果树和葡萄藤上白粉病的防治效果与SI杀菌剂或硫磺的标准处理相当。在油桃树上应用多氧菌素B可较好地防治油桃白粉虱Sphaerotheca pannosa列弗。而SI杀菌剂也是如此。多菌素B与SI杀菌剂交替处理，提高了对苹果白粉病的抑制效果，对白粉病的防治效果最好。这些结果表明，使用多氧菌素B可以使防治白粉病的SI杀菌剂处理数量减少高达50%。多菌素B对植物组织无毒害作用，对白粉菌的菌丝生长和产孢量的抑制作用大于对分生孢子萌发的抑制作用。在浓度为1、10和100 mg/L时，对钩孢子萌发的抑制率分别为52.5%、76.6%和100%。叶面喷施Polar悬浮剂(100 mg/L)，接种葡萄白粉菌前，对白粉病的防效达90%，而对白粉菌形成菌落的霉叶喷施，则抑制白粉病的发生。多氧菌素B的抑制效果使其成为防治葡萄、苹果白粉病，特别是油桃白粉病的良好候选药物。(C)2000爱思唯尔科学有限公司。保留所有权利。
The efficacy of Polar, a polyoxin B compound, in controlling powdery mildews was evaluated in commercial orchards and a vineyard in 1997-1999 in the Golan region of Israel. Foliar sprays of 0.0125-0.05% (v/v) suspensions of Polar [1-{5-N-(5-O-carbomonyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-L-xylonyl)-5-amino-5-deoxy-beta-D-allofur anosyl uronic acid}-5-hydroxymethyluracil], sulfur, the new strobilurin fungicide Kresoxim-methyl, and sterol inhibitor (SI) fungicides inhibited the development of the powdery mildew fungi on leaves, fruits and leaves,and fruit clusters of field-grown apple trees, nectarine trees, and grapevines, respectively. The effectiveness of polyoxin B in controlling powdery mildews on apple trees and grapevines was similar to that of the standard treatment with the SI fungicides or sulfur. Applications of polyoxin B on nectarine trees provided better control of Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lev. than did the SI fungicides. Alternating treatment of polyoxin B with the SI fungicide, myclobutanil enhanced the inhibitory effect against Podosphaera leucotricha on apples and provided the best control of powdery mildew. These results indicate that the use of polyoxin B enables the number of SI fungicide treatments against powdery mildew to be reduced by up to 50%. Application of polyoxin B was not phytotoxic to plant tissue, and was more effective against mycelial growth and sporulation of powdery mildew fungi than against germination of conidia. At concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mg/l polyoxin B inhibited germination of Uncinula necator conidia, by 52.5, 76.6 and 100%, respectively. A foliar spray (100 mg/l) suspension of Polar on greenhouse-grown grapevine leaves before inoculation with U. necator provided > 90% protection against powdery mildew development, while spraying on mildewed leaves bearing sporulating colonies of U. necator suppressed the fungus. The inhibitory effectiveness of polyoxin B makes it a good candidate for the control of powdery mildews on grapevines, apple, and especially on nectarine trees. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.