VISUAL STABILIZATION OF POSTURE - PHYSIOLOGICAL STIMULUS CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL ASPECTS
VISUAL STABILIZATION OF POSTURE - PHYSIOLOGICAL STIMULUS CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL ASPECTS
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/107.4.1143
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
BRANDT, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PAULUS, WM;STRAUBE, A;BRANDT, T
姿势的视觉稳定主要依赖于刺激特征以及视觉系统的性能。本研究的目的是通过体位学的方法获得人体前后和侧倾在不同视觉刺激特征下的定量数据。当视敏度呈对数递减时，会导致姿势不稳定性线性增加，前后摆动的不稳定性是横向摆动的两倍。当视敏度低于0.03时，前后摇摆的任何可测量的视觉贡献停止，当视敏度低于0.01时，横向摇摆的任何可测量的视觉贡献停止。与周围视网膜相比，视野的中心区域支配着姿势控制。中央凹区表现出强大的贡献，特别是对横向摇摆。部分但显著的视觉稳定是保留视觉输入率之间的1至4赫兹闪烁频率。一旦连续运动感知涉及到频率高于4赫兹，视觉稳定性逐渐提高，饱和频率高于16赫兹。侧体摇摆活动与眼-物距离呈线性相关：体摇摆随距离增加而减小，对应于视网膜净位移随眼-物距离增加而线性减小。对“传入”和“传出”视觉运动感知的各个方面进行了评估，这些方面涉及前后和侧向身体摇摆的不同。临床相关性在眼动障碍患者中得到证实。结果讨论了各种相关的临床疾病，包括视力下降，视野缺陷，调节障碍和眼振荡。
Visual stabilization of posture is critically dependent on stimulus characteristics as well as on the performance of the visual system. The purpose of the present investigation was to obtain quantitative data in man by means of posturography of fore-aft and lateral body sway in relation to different visual stimulus characteristics.Visual acuity, when decreased logarithmically, causes a linearly increasing postural instability, twice as prominent for fore-aft than for lateral sway. Any measurable visual contribution for fore-aft sway ceases with an acuity lower than 0.03 and for lateral sway with an acuity lower than 0.01.The central area of the visual field as compared with the peripheral retina dominates postural control. The foveal region exhibts a powerful contribution, in particular for lateral sway.A partial but significant visual stabilization is preserved with a visual input rate between 1 to 4 Hz flicker frequency. As soon as continuous motion perception becomes involved with frequencies higher than 4 Hz, visual stabilization gradually improves with a saturation at frequencies higher than 16 Hz.Lateral body sway activity and eye-object distance are linearly related:body sway decreases with increasing distance corresponding to the linear decrease of net retinal displacement with increasing eye-object distance.Aspects of ‘afferent’ and ‘efferent’ visual motion perception, which involve fore-aft and lateral body sway differently, are evaluated. The clinical relevance is demonstrated in patients with oculomotor distrubances. The results are discussed with respect to the variety of related clinical disorders, which involved reduction in visual acuity, field defects, accommodation disturbances and ocular oscillations.