Vital Signs: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Diagnosis Delays - United States.
Vital Signs: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Diagnosis Delays - United States.
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm6647e1
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Valleroy LA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dailey AF;Hoots BE;Hall HI;Song R;Hayes D;Fulton P Jr;Prejean J;Hernandez AL;Koenig LJ;Valleroy LA
在美国，不知道自己感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人约占正在进行的传播的40%。人们不知道自己感染了艾滋病毒，因为艾滋病毒诊断的延误，意味着大量错失了改善健康结果和预防艾滋病毒传播的机会。来自CDC的国家艾滋病毒监测系统的数据用于估计2015年诊断出的艾滋病毒感染者中，从感染到诊断（诊断延迟）的中位间隔（和范围），基于艾滋病毒诊断后的第一次CD 4检测和CD 4耗竭模型表明疾病进展，以及2015年艾滋病毒感染者中未诊断感染的百分比。对CDC的国家艾滋病毒行为监测数据进行了分析，以确定在过去12个月内接受过检测和错过检测机会的艾滋病毒感染风险增加的人的百分比。2015年，估计有15%的艾滋病毒感染者不知道自己感染了艾滋病毒。在2015年确诊的39，720名艾滋病毒感染者中，估计的诊断延迟中位数为3.0年（四分位数范围= 0.7-7.8年）;诊断延迟因种族/民族（白人为2.2年，亚洲人为4.2年）和传播类别（注射毒品的女性为2.0年，异性恋男性为4.9年）而异。在接受国家艾滋病毒行为监测的受访者中，71%的男男性行为者、58%的注射毒品者和41%的艾滋病毒感染风险增加的异性恋者报告在过去12个月内进行了检测。在每个风险群体中，至少三分之二没有进行艾滋病毒检测的人在过去一年中看过保健提供者。艾滋病毒诊断的延误对某些人群来说仍然很严重，妨碍了早期接受护理以改善健康结果和减少艾滋病毒向其他人的传播。卫生保健提供者和其他提供艾滋病毒检测的人可以通过实施常规和有针对性的艾滋病毒检测来减少诊断延误，从而减少与艾滋病毒相关的不良健康后果和艾滋病毒传播风险。
Persons unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection account for approximately 40% of ongoing transmissions in the United States. Persons are unaware of their infection because of delayed HIV diagnoses that represent substantial missed opportunities to improve health outcomes and prevent HIV transmission. Data from CDC’s National HIV Surveillance System were used to estimate, among persons with HIV infection diagnosed in 2015, the median interval (and range) from infection to diagnosis (diagnosis delay), based on the first CD4 test after HIV diagnosis and a CD4 depletion model indicating disease progression and, among persons living with HIV in 2015, the percentage with undiagnosed infection. Data from CDC’s National HIV Behavioral Surveillance were analyzed to determine the percentage of persons at increased risk for HIV infection who had tested in the past 12 months and who had missed opportunities for testing. An estimated 15% of persons living with HIV in 2015 were unaware of their infection. Among the 39,720 persons with HIV infection diagnosed in 2015, the estimated median diagnosis delay was 3.0 years (interquartile range = 0.7–7.8 years); diagnosis delay varied by race/ethnicity (from 2.2 years among whites to 4.2 years among Asians) and transmission category (from 2.0 years among females who inject drugs to 4.9 years among heterosexual males). Among persons interviewed through National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 71% of men who have sex with men, 58% of persons who inject drugs, and 41% of heterosexual persons at increased risk for HIV infection reported testing in the past 12 months. In each risk group, at least two thirds of persons who did not have an HIV test had seen a health care provider in the past year. Delayed HIV diagnoses continue to be substantial for some population groups and prevent early entry to care to improve health outcomes and reduce HIV transmission to others. Health care providers and others providing HIV testing can reduce HIV-related adverse health outcomes and risk for HIV transmission by implementing routine and targeted HIV testing to decrease diagnosis delays.
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa1600693
发表时间：
2016-09-01
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cohen MS;Chen YQ;McCauley M;Gamble T;Hosseinipour MC;Kumarasamy N;Hakim JG;Kumwenda J;Grinsztejn B;Pilotto JH;Godbole SV;Chariyalertsak S;Santos BR;Mayer KH;Hoffman IF;Eshleman SH;Piwowar-Manning E;Cottle L;Zhang XC;Makhema J;Mills LA;Panchia R;Faesen S;Eron J;Gallant J;Havlir D;Swindells S;Elharrar V;Burns D;Taha TE;Nielsen-Saines K;Celentano DD;Essex M;Hudelson SE;Redd AD;Fleming TR;HPTN 052 Study Team
通讯作者：
HPTN 052 Study Team
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Weis, Kristina E.;Liese, Angela D.;Duffus, Wayne A.
通讯作者：
Duffus, Wayne A.
DOI：
10.1097/01.qai.0000151079.33935.79
发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Marks, G;Crepaz, N;Janssen, RS
通讯作者：
Janssen, RS
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Gallagher, Kathleen M.;Sullivan, Patrick S.;Onorato, Ida M.
通讯作者：
Onorato, Ida M.
DOI：
10.1097/qai.0000000000001151
发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Song, Ruiguang;Hall, H. Irene;Pantazis, Nikos
通讯作者：
Pantazis, Nikos