Effective field theory of magnons: Chiral magnets and the Schwinger mechanism

Effective field theory of magnons: Chiral magnets and the Schwinger mechanism
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磁振子的有效场理论:手性磁体和施温格机制

DOI:
10.1103/physrevb.104.134403
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Sakai Norisuke
Sakai Norisuke
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hongo Masaru;Fujimori Toshiaki;Misumi Tatsuhiro;Nitta Muneto;Sakai Norisuke

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我们开发了存在对称破缺效应的自旋系统的有效场理论描述:磁场、单离子各向异性和 Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya 相互作用。从自旋系统的晶格描述开始,我们证明与上述效应相对应的对称破缺项可以作为对称张量表示中的背景(或杂散)规范场和标量场的组合纳入有效场论,最终固定为其物理值。我们使用有效场理论来研究非均匀基态的模式谱,重点关注一维非共线态,例如螺旋态和旋涡态。尽管螺旋基态和螺旋基态具有支持与平移对称性破缺相关的无间隙南部-戈德斯通模式的共同特征,但它们具有本质上不同的色散关系:螺旋相中各向同性,而螺旋相中各向异性。我们根据对称破缺模式阐明了这种质的差异的原因。作为另一个应用,我们讨论了由不均匀磁场引起的磁振子产生,并找到了类似于施温格公式的公式。我们的磁振子产生公式给出了反铁磁体的有限速率和铁磁体的消失速率,而亚铁磁体的磁振产生速率则在两种情况之间插值。
We develop the effective field theoretical descriptions of spin systems in the presence of symmetry-breaking effects: the magnetic field, single-ion anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Starting from the lattice description of spin systems, we show that the symmetry-breaking terms corresponding to the above effects can be incorporated into the effective field theory as a combination of a background (or spurious)gauge field and a scalar field in the symmetric tensor representation, which are eventually fixed at their physical values. We use the effective field theory to investigate mode spectra of inhomogeneous ground states, focusing on one-dimensionally noncollinear states, such as helical and spiral states. Although the helical and spiral ground states share a common feature of supporting the gapless Nambu-Goldstone modes associated with the translational symmetry breaking, they have qualitatively different dispersion relations: isotropic in the helical phase while anisotropic in the spiral phase. We clarify the reason for this qualitative difference based on the symmetry-breaking pattern. As another application, we discuss the magnon production induced by an inhomogeneous magnetic field, and find a formula akin to the Schwinger formula. Our formula for the magnon production gives a finite rate for antiferromagnets, and a vanishing rate for ferromagnets, whereas that for ferrimagnets interpolates between the two cases.
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