Is the American century over?
Is the American century over?
复制标题
美国世纪结束了吗？
DOI：
10.1080/09557571.2015.1087709
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Oliver Stuenkel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oliver Stuenkel
“美国世纪”结束了吗？约瑟夫·S·奈（Joseph S . Nye）说，不会，但它的延续不会像20世纪那样。其他大国的崛起将使包括华盛顿在内的任何人都更难以施加影响。但话又说回来，美国从来没有完全控制过世界，即使是在二战结束时，美国的国内生产总值（GDP）暂时占世界经济的一半。奈正确地提醒读者，即使在当时，美国在许多情况下也未能如愿，比如1956年，美国未能阻止苏联镇压匈牙利的叛乱，法国失去越南，或美国盟友英国、法国和以色列入侵苏伊士运河。与许多美国自由主义制度主义思想家相反，奈甚至认识到，所谓的自由主义西方秩序对非该俱乐部成员，如印度、中国、印度尼西亚、刚果、伊朗和危地马拉，看起来并不特别友好，也不值得拥抱。因此，美国的霸权从来不是全球性的，而总是局部的——尽管在20世纪下半叶，没有一个国家像美国那样集中了如此多的军事和经济力量。
Is the “American century” over? No, says Joseph S Nye, but its continuation will not look like it did in the twentieth century. The rise of other powers will make it more difficult for anyone, including Washington, to wield influence. But then again, the United States never had complete control, even at the end of World War II, when US gross domestic product (GDP) temporarily represented half of the world’s economy. Nye rightly reminds readers that even then, the United States failed to have its way in many instances, such as in 1956, when the US was unable to prevent Soviet repression of a revolt in Hungary, the French loss of Vietnam or the Suez invasion by US allies Britain, France and Israel.Contrary to many American liberal institutionalist thinkers, Nye even recognizes that the so-called liberal Western order did not look particularly benign or worth embracing to non-members of the club, such as India, China, Indonesia, Congo, Iran and Guatemala. US hegemony was thus never global, but always partial—despite the fact that no previous country concentrated as much military and economic power as the United States in the second half of the twentieth century.