Clinical features of Alzheimer's disease
Clinical features of Alzheimer's disease
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DOI：
10.1007/s004060050101
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发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Kurz, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Förstl, H;Kurz, A
阿尔茨海默病的临床前阶段是不明显的，并且几乎根据定义，没有可靠和有效的症状和体征，这将允许在不可逆缺陷的表现之前进行非常早期的诊断。对于痴呆症的临床诊断，认知障碍必须严重到足以影响日常生活活动。在轻度痴呆阶段，陈述性记忆的困难通常很突出;抑郁症状并不罕见，但患者通常设法独自生活。在中度痴呆阶段，当其他认知领域受到更明显的影响时，需要进行监督，并且思想，感知，情感和行为的非认知障碍对照顾者造成越来越大的压力。患者的完全依赖性，经常出现神经紊乱，是疾病晚期的典型特征。临床诊断为阿尔茨海默病的患者的预期寿命显著缩短，但迄今为止，有希望通过现代对症治疗干预延长相对健康而不是痛苦的时期。
The preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease is inconspicuous and there are - almost by definition - no reliable and valid symptoms and signs which would allow a very early diagnosis before the manifestation of irreversible deficits. For a clinical diagnosis of dementia, cognitive impairment has to be severe enough to compromise the activities of daily living. In the mild dementia stage,difficulties with declarative memory are usually prominent; depressive symptoms are not infrequent, but the patient usually manages to live alone. Supervision is needed in the moderate dementia stage, when other cognitive domains are affected in a more obvious manner and non-cognitive disturbances of thought, perception, affect, and behavior put increasing stress on the caregivers. Complete dependence of the patients, who frequently develop neurological disturbances, is typical of the late stage of illness. The life expectancy of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is significantly reduced, but to date there is hope that the period of relative well-being and not of suffering can be prolonged with modern symptomatic treatment interventions.