The development of intent-based moral judgment
The development of intent-based moral judgment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2012.11.008
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Carey, Susan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cushman, Fiery;Sheketoff, Rachel;Carey, Susan
4 到 8 岁的儿童越来越多地根据演员的意图而不是演员带来的结果来做出道德判断。这是否反映了道德领域概念的重组，或者仅仅是道德领域之外能力（例如心智理论和执行功能）的发展？过去的证据表明，成年人部分依赖基于结果的判断来判断应得的惩罚，而不是判断道德错误，因此我们在幼儿中探索了相同类别的判断。我们发现，基于意图的判断首先出现在儿童对淘气的评估中，这随后限制了他们对应得惩罚的判断。我们还发现，这种发展轨迹对于意外伤害（善意的不良结果）和企图伤害（恶意的良性结果）的判断是不同的。我们的研究结果支持源自成人研究的两个过程模型：基于精神状态的判断错误的过程限制了基于结果的分配惩罚的过程。这种双过程架构在童年时期的出现表明，从基于结果的判断到基于意图的判断的发展转变涉及道德领域内的概念重组。 (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Between the ages of 4 and 8 children increasingly make moral judgments on the basis of an actor's intent, as opposed to the outcome that the actor brings about. Does this reflect a reorganization of concepts in the moral domain, or simply the development of capacities outside the moral domain such as theory of mind and executive function? Motivated by the past evidence that adults rely partially on outcome-based judgment for judgments of deserved punishment, but not for judgments of moral wrongness, we explore the same categories of judgment in young children. We find that intent-based judgments emerge first in children's assessments of naughtiness and that this subsequently constrains their judgments of deserved punishment. We also find that this developmental trajectory differs for judgments of accidental harm (a bad outcome with benign intent) and judgments of attempted harm (a benign outcome with bad intent). Our findings support a two process model derived from studies of adults: a mental-state based process of judging wrongness constrains an outcome-based process of assigning punishment. The emergence of this two-process architecture in childhood suggests that the developmental shift from outcome- to intent-based judgment involves a conceptual reorganization within the moral domain. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.