Disability politics and theory
Disability politics and theory
复制标题
残疾政治和理论
DOI：
10.1080/09687599.2013.864854
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Roddy Slorach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roddy Slorach
这就把讨论带到了残疾和损伤之间的开创性区别上，这是一小群社会主义残疾活动家在大约40年前提出的。后来由迈克尔奥利弗发展，新的“残疾的社会模式”成为残疾研究的基本原则。威瑟斯将前者强调社会变革的必要性与“权利模式”进行了对比，后者“侧重于让残疾人进入社会，并仅在确保他们所期望的权利所必需的情况下进行改变”（82）。这种自我限制的方法，使“压迫性结构完好无损.[意味着]权利只会对特定群体产生影响”（86），Withers详细说明了近年来社会模式的影响力下降，有利于基于身份或更主流的观点。在发现权利模式的不足之后，她接着以三个理由拒绝了社会模式。首先，她认为“社会模式主义者”对参与有偿就业（即参与资本主义制度）的痴迷有助于使资本主义合法化，而不是破坏它。然而，她后来的声明“我们一直被归类为残疾人的主要原因之一，并继续被归类为残疾人，是因为我们被认为是资本主义制度中的非生产性或生产力低下”（108）与这一主张相矛盾。
This brings the discussion to the pioneering distinction between disability and impairment, made by a small group of socialist disability activists almost 40 years ago. As subsequently developed by Michael Oliver, the new ‘social model of disability’became the founding principle of disability studies. Withers contrasts the former’s emphasis on the need for social change with the ‘rights model’, which ‘focuses on getting disabled people access to society and changing it only as much as is necessary to secure their desired rights’(82). This self-limiting approach, leaving ‘oppressive structures intact…[means that] rights will only ever take a particular group so far’(86).Withers details the declining influence of the social model in recent years in favour of identity-based or more mainstream perspectives. Having found the rights model wanting, she then goes on to reject the social model on three grounds. Firstly, she argues that ‘social modelists’ obsession with participation in paid employment (ie participation within the capitalist system) works to legitimise capitalism rather than undermine it’(90). However, her later statement that ‘one of the primary reasons we have been, and continue to be categorised as disabled is because we are considered to be unproductive or under-productive in the capitalist system’(108) contradicts this claim.