Mast cells as protectors of health
Mast cells as protectors of health
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.054
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Biedermann, Tilo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dudeck, Anne;Koeberle, Martin;Biedermann, Tilo
肥大细胞 (MC) 以其在 T(H)2 偏态过敏性和自身免疫性炎症中的效应器功能而闻名，并且因其在保护健康方面的作用而得到越来越多的认可。现在很清楚，它们也是皮肤或肠道等界面器官免疫反应的关键调节剂。 MC 可以为组织做好充分的炎症反应准备，并在 T 细胞激活中与树突状细胞合作。它们还调节创伤中有害的免疫反应，并有助于成功地协调怀孕。本综述重点关注 MC 对组织稳态和毒素或毒液消除的有益影响。 MC 可以增强许多细菌、病毒和寄生虫感染中的病原体清除，例如通过 Toll 样受体 2 触发的脱颗粒、抗菌抗菌素的分泌、中性粒细胞募集或提供细胞外 DNA 陷阱。 MCs 在肿瘤中的作用更加模糊。然而，令人鼓舞的新发现表明，当充分触发时，它们可以改变肿瘤微环境以产生抗肿瘤免疫。 α-糜酶（肥大细胞蛋白酶 [MCP] 5）对子宫组织的重塑对于胚胎成功植入至关重要。 MCP-4 和类胰蛋白酶 MCP-6 通过减少炎症损伤和过度疤痕形成，从而保护轴突生长，从而在中枢神经系统创伤中发挥保护作用。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，由 Fc epsilon RI 激活的 MC 释放的蛋白酶（例如羧肽酶 A）可以解毒越来越多的毒液和内源性毒素。更好地了解 MC 的可塑性将有助于改善这些有利效应，并提示减少有害 MC 行为的方法。
Mast cells (MCs), which are well known for their effector functions in T(H)2-skewed allergic and also autoimmune inflammation, have become increasingly acknowledged for their role in protection of health. It is now clear that they are also key modulators of immune responses at interface organs, such as the skin or gut. MCs can prime tissues for adequate inflammatory responses and cooperate with dendritic cells in T-cell activation. They also regulate harmful immune responses in trauma and help to successfully orchestrate pregnancy. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of MCs on tissue homeostasis and elimination of toxins or venoms. MCs can enhance pathogen clearance in many bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, such as through Toll-like receptor 2-triggered degranulation, secretion of antimicrobial cathelicidins, neutrophil recruitment, or provision of extracellular DNA traps. The role of MCs in tumors is more ambiguous; however, encouraging new findings show they can change the tumor microenvironment toward antitumor immunity when adequately triggered. Uterine tissue remodeling by alpha-chymase (mast cell protease [MCP] 5) is crucial for successful embryo implantation. MCP-4 and the tryptase MCP-6 emerge to be protective in central nervous system trauma by reducing inflammatory damage and excessive scar formation, thereby protecting axon growth. Last but not least, proteases, such as carboxypeptidase A, released by Fc epsilon RI-activated MCs detoxify an increasing number of venoms and endogenous toxins. A better understanding of the plasticity of MCs will help improve these advantageous effects and hint at ways to cut down detrimental MC actions.