THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS IN A WORKING POPULATION
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS IN A WORKING POPULATION
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.2.5147.257
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发表时间：
1959-01-01
影响因子：
105.7
通讯作者：
WOOD, CH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FLETCHER, CM;ELMES, PC;WOOD, CH
方法Fairbairn等人描述了研究对象的选择和使用的问卷。本报告所涉及的部分问题见附录。被捕男子年龄介乎四十至五十九岁，是隶属伦敦市邮政总局东中分区办事处的邮递员。这些妇女的年龄也在40-59岁之间，她们在西伦敦邮政总局的邮政储蓄分支从事分拣文件的工作。第一次采访了男女各192名受试者，第二次采访了其中144名受试者。Elmes等人（1959）描述了如何收集和检查痰标本。这些标本是在2月、3月和8月从男性身上采集的，在3月和8月从女性身上采集的，包括起床后第一个小时内的痰液。第一秒用力呼气量（FEV 1）的测量（Gandevia和Hugh-Jones，1957）是由在纸速为2cm的轻型肺量计上描记的呼气量得出的。秒他们被校正为体温和饱和度，并且，出于某些目的，从与年龄的回归关系中标准化到40岁，使用否认咳嗽，痰和呼吸困难的受试者。结果乘以35，表示为间接最大呼吸量（MBC），因为这种校正已广泛用于该国的流行病学调查，MBC的正常值比FEV 1的正常值更普遍。检查每名受试者前三年的病假记录，所有因流感、支气管卡他和支气管炎而缺勤超过一周的被诊断为”胸部疾病“。“这些记录是为了与受试者在此期间报告的胸部疾病进行比较。呼吸系统症状咳嗽和痰的患病率。在记录对关于咳嗽和痰的问题1-10的答复时，访谈者被指示仅将”每年至少三个月的大多数日子“发生的咳嗽或痰记录为阳性。“表一显示，
Methods Fairbairn et al. describe the selection of subjects and the questionary that was used. The parts of the questionary referred to in the present paperare given in the Appendix. The men, aged 40-59, were postmen attached to the East Central Divisional Office of the General Post Office in the City of London. The women, also aged 40-59, were engaged in sorting documents in the Post Office Savings Branch of the General Post Office in West London. 192 subjects of each sex were interviewed on the firstoccasion, and 144 of these were interviewed on the second occasion. Elmes et al.(1959) have described how sputum specimens were collected and examined. These specimens were collected from the men in February, March, and August, and from the women in March and August, and consisted of the sputum brought up in the first hour after rising. Measurements of the one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV 1)(Gandevia and Hugh-Jones, 1957) were derived from tracings of expirations made on a light spirometer witha paper speed of 2 cm./sec. They were corrected to body temperature andsaturation, and, for some purposes, were standardized to age 40 from the regression relationship with age, using those subjects who deniedcough, sputum, and breathlessness. The results were multiplied by 35 and expressed as indirect maximum breathing capacity (MBC), since this correction has been widely used in epidemiological surveys in this country, and the normal values of the MBC are more generally known than for those of the FEV 1. The sickness absence records of each subject for the previous three yearswere inspected, and all absences lasting more than one week with a diagnosis of influenza, bronchial catarrh, and bronchitis were considered to be" chest illnesses." These were recorded for comparison with chest illnesses reported by the subject during this period.Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms Cough and Phlegm. In recording replies to questions 1-10 on cough and phlegm the interviewers were instructed to record as positive only cough or phlegm which occurred" on most days for at least three months every year." Table I shows that about half the men 5147