“Two schools under one roof”. The role of education in the reconciliation process in Bosnia and Herzegovina
“Two schools under one roof”. The role of education in the reconciliation process in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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“同一屋檐下的两所学校”。教育在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那和解进程中的作用。
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Alessandro Tolomelli
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作者：
Alessandro Tolomelli
本文将考虑科学文献和机构文件，以概述波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那教育系统的现状。将特别关注政治和宗教之间的界面，因为后者当局在控制教育部门方面拥有许多利益。自 1992 年南斯拉夫战争爆发以来，波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 (BiH) 数百年的文化和宗教共存传统正在迅速消失。事实上，战争摧毁了多元文化的接受度。就波黑而言，尽管有着共同的文化背景，但为了证明政治经济利益的合理性，“种族”是被伪造的。正是由于这个原因，使用“实体”一词而不是“种族”更为合适，因为从历史上看，这三个群体有着共同的根源。 “同一屋檐下的两所学校”的案例研究构成了波黑教育环境中最严重的歧视例子。在该系统中，波黑的一些校舍为不同实体的学生提供不同的空间和课程。尽管该项目是临时性的（欧安组织于 2000 年制定了该项目，以应对该国某些地区面临的严重问题），但这一策略似乎将持续下去，因为当局和家长都没有表现出放弃它的意图。还应该说的是，隔离制度不仅影响学生，也影响教师，因为他们的任命一直按照种族标准进行。
This paper will take into consideration scientific literature as well as institutional documents in order to outline the present situation of the educational system in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A particular focus will be put on the Interface between politics and religion, as authorities of the latter hold many interests in controlling the education sector. The centuries-old tradition of cultural and religious coexistence in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has been disappearing rapidly since the beginning of the Yugoslav war in 1992. As a matter of fact, the war destroyed multicultural acceptance. In the case of BiH, ‘ethnicities’ have been forged in order to justify politicaleconomic interests, despite a cultural common background. It is for this reason that it would be more appropriate to use the term “entities” rather than “ethnicities”, as historically speaking the three groups share common roots. The case study of the “two schools under one roof” constitutes the worst example of discrimination within the educational environment of BiH. This system sees some school buildings of BiH providing different spaces and curricula for students belonging to different entities. Even though the project was meant to be temporary (OSCE formulated the project in 2000 in order to cope with the highly problematic situation at stake in some areas of the country), it seems that this strategy will persist, for authorities and parents alike have shown no intention to abandon it. It should also be said that the segregated system affects not only students, but teachers as well, as their appointment keeps been carried out on ethnic criteria.