Associations of short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution with cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions in London, UK.
Associations of short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution with cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions in London, UK.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/oemed-2015-103136
复制
发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Kelly FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samoli E;Atkinson RW;Analitis A;Fuller GW;Green DC;Mudway I;Anderson HR;Kelly FJ
有证据表明，短期暴露于与交通有关的污染与健康之间存在不利联系，但人们对各种污染源和颗粒物成分的相对贡献知之甚少。2011-2012年间，英国伦敦每天使用监测器、模型和化学分析收集超过100种空气污染物指标。我们选择了表示交通来源的先验指标：一般交通、汽油尾气、柴油尾气和非尾气(矿物粉尘、刹车和轮胎磨损)。使用泊松回归模型，控制了时变的混杂因素，我们得出了心血管和呼吸系统住院患者在预先指定的滞后时间的影响估计值，并评估了估计值对多污染物模型和按季节进行的影响修正的敏感性。对于单日暴露，我们发现成人(15- 年)心血管和儿童(0-14 年)呼吸系统入院与元素碳和黑碳(EC/BC)之间存在一致的相关性，每次IQR变化增加0.56%到1.65%，与一氧化碳(CO)和铝(Al)的相关性较小。过去7天EC/BC暴露的平均 天数与老年(65岁以上)心血管疾病入院相关。所显示的关联度在一年中的暖期较高。尽管影响估计对其他污染物的调整很敏感，但它们在方向上保持一致，表明不同来源的联系是独立的，特别是柴油和汽油发动机以及矿物粉尘之间的联系。我们的结果表明，与废气相关的污染物与成人心血管疾病和儿科呼吸系统住院人数的增加有关。需要在城市中心进行更广泛的监测，以进一步阐明这些联系。
There is evidence of adverse associations between short-term exposure to traffic-related pollution and health, but little is known about the relative contribution of the various sources and particulate constituents. For each day for 2011–2012 in London, UK over 100 air pollutant metrics were assembled using monitors, modelling and chemical analyses. We selected a priori metrics indicative of traffic sources: general traffic, petrol exhaust, diesel exhaust and non-exhaust (mineral dust, brake and tyre wear). Using Poisson regression models, controlling for time-varying confounders, we derived effect estimates for cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions at prespecified lags and evaluated the sensitivity of estimates to multipollutant modelling and effect modification by season. For single day exposure, we found consistent associations between adult (15–64 years) cardiovascular and paediatric (0–14 years) respiratory admissions with elemental and black carbon (EC/BC), ranging from 0.56% to 1.65% increase per IQR change, and to a lesser degree with carbon monoxide (CO) and aluminium (Al). The average of past 7 days EC/BC exposure was associated with elderly (65+ years) cardiovascular admissions. Indicated associations were higher during the warm period of the year. Although effect estimates were sensitive to the adjustment for other pollutants they remained consistent in direction, indicating independence of associations from different sources, especially between diesel and petrol engines, as well as mineral dust. Our results suggest that exhaust related pollutants are associated with increased numbers of adult cardiovascular and paediatric respiratory hospitalisations. More extensive monitoring in urban centres is required to further elucidate the associations.