Prevalence of Brick Tea-Type Fluorosis in the Tibet Autonomous Region.
Prevalence of Brick Tea-Type Fluorosis in the Tibet Autonomous Region.
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DOI：
10.2188/jea.je20150037
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Sun D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan Z;Gao Y;Wang W;Gong H;Guo M;Zhao S;Liu X;Yu B;Sun D
西藏砖茶型氟中毒的患病率较高，这与该地区饮用砖茶的习惯有关。砖茶型氟中毒已成为我国亟待解决的公共卫生问题。采用分层整群抽样方法，对西藏自治区各地区砖茶型氟中毒患病情况进行了横断面调查。按照国家标准诊断8-12岁儿童氟斑牙和成人临床氟骨症。共有423名儿童和1320名成人参与了这项研究。收集饮用水、砖茶、砖茶浸液（或酥油茶）和尿液样品，用氟离子选择性电极法测定氟浓度。除一个砖茶样品外，其他所有砖茶样品的氟含量均高于国家标准。西藏7个地区饮用砖茶的人均日摄氟量均高于国家标准。氟斑牙患病率为33.57%，临床氟骨症患病率为46.06%。砖茶氟摄入量调查（r = 0.292，P < 0.05），儿童尿氟浓度（r = 0.134，P < 0.05），成人尿氟浓度（r = 0.162，P < 0.05）、海拔高度（r = 0.276，P < 0.05）与砖茶型氟中毒患病率呈正相关。牧民氟暴露最高，氟骨症最重。西藏砖茶型氟中毒较全国其他地区严重。海拔高度和职业因素是砖茶型氟中毒的重要危险因素。
The prevalence of brick tea-type fluorosis is high in Tibet because of the habit of drinking brick tea in this region. Brick tea-type fluorosis has become an urgent public health problem in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate prevalence of brick tea-type fluorosis in all districts of Tibet using a stratified cluster sampling method. Dental fluorosis in children aged 8–12 years and clinical skeletal fluorosis in adults were diagnosed according to the national criteria. A total of 423 children and 1320 adults participated in the study. Samples of drinking water, brick tea, brick tea infusion (or buttered tea), and urine were collected and measured for fluoride concentrations by the fluoride ion selective electrode method. The fluoride level in all but one of the brick tea samples was above the national standard. The average daily fluoride intake from drinking brick tea in all seven districts in Tibet was much higher than the national standard. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 33.57%, and the prevalence of clinical skeletal fluorosis was 46.06%. The average daily fluoride intake from drinking brick tea (r = 0.292, P < 0.05), urine fluoride concentrations in children (r = 0.134, P < 0.05), urine fluoride concentrations in adults (r = 0.162, P < 0.05), and altitude (r = 0.276, P < 0.05) were positively correlated with the prevalence of brick tea-type fluorosis. Herdsmen had the highest fluoride exposure and the most severe skeletal fluorosis. Brick tea-type fluorosis in Tibet is more serious than in other parts of China. The altitude and occupational factors are important risk factors for brick tea-type fluorosis.