EXAPTATION - A CRUCIAL TOOL FOR AN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
EXAPTATION - A CRUCIAL TOOL FOR AN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1540-4560.1991.tb01822.x
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发表时间：
1991-09-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
GOULD, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GOULD, SJ
进化论缺乏一个关键概念的术语，这个概念是一个现在对有机体有用的特征，它不是作为适应其当前角色而出现的，而是后来被其当前功能所吸收的。我把这些特征称为“外适应”，并表明它们既不罕见，也不《双城之战》，而是进化的主要特征--尽管在过度适应的新达尔文理论的背景下，它们以前没有得到重视。本文认为，外适应克服了人类社会生物学的谬误，有助于我们理解生命历史中的灵活性和偶然性的主要模式，修正了进化理论中结构和功能的作用，是理解人类进化中大脑大小的起源和意义的核心，因此迫切需要承认它是进化心理学的一把钥匙。历史渊源和现实效用是两个不同的概念，决不能混为一谈。
Evolutionary theory lacks a term for a crucial concept—a feature, now useful to an organism, that did not arise as an adaptation for its present role, but was subsequently coopted for its current function. I call such features “exaptations” and show that they are neither rare nor arcane, but dominant features of evolution—though previously unappreciated in the context of the overly adaptationist neo‐Darwinian theory. This article argues that exaptation overcomes the fallacy of human sociobiology, helps us to understand the major patterns of flexibility and contingency in life's history, revises the roles of structure and function in evolutionary theory, serves as a centerpiece for grasping the origin and meaning of brain size in human evolution, and thereby cries out for recognition as a key to evolutionary psychology. Historical origin and current utility are distinct concepts and must never be conflated.