Dry deposition of airborne sulfate and nitrate to soybeans.
Dry deposition of airborne sulfate and nitrate to soybeans.
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空气中的硫酸盐和硝酸盐干沉积到大豆上。
DOI：
10.1016/0269-7491(88)90021-8
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
D. A. Dolske
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. A. Dolske
干沉积占农业系统酸性污染物和酸性前体总沉积的很大一部分。然而，由于干沉降通量的测量相对困难，因此很少有工作直接量化作物污染物的干输入。在这项研究中，开发了叶面采样（“洗叶”）方法，并证明这是一种实用且相当精确的监测植物表面干沉积 SO42−和 NO3−积累的方法。这些离子从植物组织中的浸出可以忽略不计；然而，采样方法并未考虑植物的吸收（例如 SO2 或 HNO3 的气孔气体交换和/或材料表面积累的同化）。干沉降对于改变叶表面化学微环境的重要性似乎比单独的湿沉降大3至20倍或更多。这是由于露水和小雨对积聚物质的循环再激活，可能会溶解和移动污染物表面沉积物，但不会去除污染物表面沉积物。因此，虽然含 SO2 和 SO42 颗粒的干沉积可能仅贡献作物系统硫输入总质量的一部分，但植物表面组织暴露于污染物的情况可能主要由干沉积材料决定。叶子表面化学的改变可能有助于产生可能的应激机制，例如角质层完整性降低、细胞损伤和死亡、初级和次级代谢物的浸出增强以及病原体感染效率的变化。
Dry deposition contributes a substantial part of the total deposition of acidic pollutants and acid precursors to agricultural systems. However, because of the relative intractability of measurement of dry deposition fluxes, little work has been done to directly quantify dry inputs of pollutants to crops. In this research, foliar surface sampling (‘leaf-washing’) methods were developed and shown to be a practical and fairly precise means of monitoring the accumulation of dry-deposited SO42−and NO3−on plant surfaces. Leaching of these ions from plant tissues was shown to be negligible; however, uptake by plants (e.g. stomatal gas exchange of SO2or HNO3and/or assimilation of surface accumulations of materials) is not accounted for by the sampling method. The significance of dry deposition to modification of the chemical microenvironment of leaf surfaces appears to be a factor of 3 to 20 or more greater than that of wet deposition alone. This is due to the cyclic reactivation of accumulated materials by dew and light rains, which may dissolve and mobilize, but not remove, the pollutant surface deposit. Therefore, while dry deposition of SO2and SO42−containing particles may contribute only part of the total mass of sulfur inputs to crop systems, the exposure of plant surface tissue to pollutants can be dominated by the dry-deposited material. The alteration of leaf surface chemistry may contribute to possible stress-producing mechanisms such as reduction of cuticular integrity, cellular injury and death, enhanced leaching of primary and secondary metabolites, and changes in pathogen infection efficiency.