Trust in the police and the militarisation of law enforcement in Latin America
Trust in the police and the militarisation of law enforcement in Latin America
复制标题
拉丁美洲对警察的信任和执法的军事化
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bryce Barthuly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Sung;Joel A. Capellan;Bryce Barthuly
摘要 拉丁美洲的现代民警已经从独裁的过去转变为暴力的现在。这种制度轨迹是在民选平民一再试图让武装部队重返国内政治以谋取党派或个人利益的阴影下演变的。目前执法的军事化是对武装部队相对于警察的传统至高无上地位的另一种利用，这可能会对公民对警察的信任产生重要影响。对来自 18 个国家 28,874 名成年人的调查数据进行了分析，以确定对武装部队和警察的信任模式，并评估公众对执法军事化的支持对公民对警察信任的影响。结果表明，尽管军队和警察总体上都受到公民的普遍赞赏，但当犯罪暴力和政治不稳定袭来时，公众对这两个安全机构的信任开始朝相反的方向发展。尽管存在次区域差异，但武装部队作为铁腕守护者的到来，防止社会在不安全和混乱中陷入暴力混乱，通常会损害警察的合法性。对警察的信任度不断下降，公众对执法军事化的支持不断增加，导致高犯罪率环境中的情况呈螺旋式下降，进一步损害了警察的声誉。讨论了这场合法性危机的政治影响，并提出了政策解决方案。
ABSTRACT Modern civilian police in Latin America has transitioned from an authoritarian past to a violent present. This institutional trajectory has evolved in the shadow of recurrent attempts by elected civilians to bring the armed forces back to domestic politics for partisan or personal gains. Current militarisation of law enforcement is another exploitation of the traditional supremacy of the armed forces over the police, which could have important repercussions on citizen trust in the police. Survey data from 28,874 adults in 18 countries were analysed to identify patterns of trust in both the armed forces and the police and to assess the impact of public support for the militarisation of law enforcement on citizen trust in the police. Results suggest that although both the military and the police are in general moderately appreciated by the citizenry, when criminal violence and political instability strike, public trust in the two security institutions starts to move in opposite directions. Subregional differences notwithstanding, the arrival of armed forces as iron-fisted guardians preventing society’s descent into violent chaos amidst insecurity and chaos typically damages police legitimacy. Declining trust in the police and increasing public support for the militarisation of law enforcement feed a downward spiral in high-crime environments that further discredits the police. Political implications of this legitimacy crisis are discussed, and policy solutions are recommended.