Structure and Function of the Armored Keel in Piranhas, Pacus, and their Allies
Structure and Function of the Armored Keel in Piranhas, Pacus, and their Allies
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食人鱼、帕库斯及其盟友的装甲龙骨的结构和功能
DOI：
10.1002/ar.23986
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Adam P. Summers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Kolmann;Paulina Urban;Adam P. Summers
锯齿鱼：食人鱼、食人鱼和它们的近亲，是无处不在的新热带鱼类，具有不同的食物、生态和行为。Serrasalmids有一个锯齿状的骨龙骨，它排列在这些鱼的下腹，这一科的结构就是以这种结构命名的。我们研究了食人鱼及其同类的龙骨的多样性和结构，扫描了30多种锯齿类动物，占该科物种丰富度的三分之一，总共95个特征标本。龙骨在不同的锯齿形之间有很大的不同，锯齿状形状决定了龙骨的整体形状。在不同的物种之间，甚至在龙骨内部，Serrae的形状都有很大的不同。龙骨形态可分为明显的前区和后区，由腹鳍隔开。与其他鱼类相比，锯齿鱼的骨骼经常受损。龙骨上常有凿开的穿孔和愈合的迹象(锯齿融合)。我们认为龙骨是一种基于我们数据集中高伤害发生率(>；50%)的防御性结构。这是有记录以来多骨鱼类骨骼中最高的损伤发生率。嗜血性类群中前龙骨区域的丧失表明了这一结构上的竞争性能要求和选择压力。在解释陆生脊椎动物的动物武器和盔甲时，同类或同族之间的竞争和攻击是一种经常被引用的现象。锯齿鱼中的龙骨和鱼类中的其他盔甲可以作为研究脊椎动物竞争性竞争的补充研究系统。Anat Rec，2018年。2018年美国解剖学协会。
The serrasalmids: piranhas, pacus, and their relatives, are ubiquitous Neotropical fishes with diverse diets, ecologies, and behaviors. Serrasalmids have a bony, serrated keel which lines the underbellies of these fishes, the structure for which the family is named. We examined the diversity and structure of the keel in piranhas and allies using micro‐computed tomography scanning in over 30 species of serrasalmids, a third of the species richness for the family, and for 95 total characiform specimens. The keel is highly diverse across serrasalmids, with serrae shape dictating the overall form of the keel. Serrae shape varies considerably among different species and even within keels themselves. The keel morphology can be divided into distinct anterior and posterior regions, as separated by the pelvic fins. Compared to other characiform fishes, serrasalmid skeletons are frequently damaged. Gouging perforations and signs of healing (serrae fusion) are common on the keel. We propose the keel is a defensive structure based on the high incidence of injury (>50%) in our dataset. This is the highest incidence of damage ever recorded in the skeletons of bony fishes. The loss of the anterior keel region in rheophilic taxa suggests competing performance demands and selective pressures on this structure. Competition and aggression among conspecifics or confamilials is a frequently invoked phenomenon for explaining animal weaponry and armor in terrestrial vertebrates. The keel in serrasalmids and other instances of armor in fishes could be complementary study systems for examining competitive rivalry in vertebrates. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.