Functional and phylogenetic approaches reveal the evolution of diversity in a hyper diverse biota.
Functional and phylogenetic approaches reveal the evolution of diversity in a hyper diverse biota.
复制标题
功能和系统发育方法揭示了高度多样化生物群的多样性进化。
DOI：
10.1111/ecog.01370
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
B. Fisher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonnie B. Blaimer;Seán G. Brady;T. Schultz;B. Fisher
热带森林中的蚂蚁群落可能由不同的聚集机制管理，这取决于所调查的特定栖息地。我们比较了马达加斯加蚂蚁群落中两个森林群落(干燥和潮湿)和两个垂直层(乔木和陆生)的系统发育多样性和结构，并评估了入侵物种对这种群落结构的影响。我们估计了栖息地和几个功能性状的系统发育信号和相关进化，并测试了相关功能和栖息地性状的保守性。重建了祖先的状态，以阐明栖息地特征的进化。所有分析都利用了根据马达加斯加蚂蚁分类群的三个核标记新产生的数据估计的系统发育。干燥森林虽然物种丰富度较低，但被发现支持与潮湿森林一样高的谱系多样性。相反，乔木群落的系统发育多样性远低于陆生群落。湿润混交林群落、乔木湿润群落、乔干混交林群落和混交林湿润群落具有明显的系统发育聚集性，而干林混交林群落过度分散。因此，在马达加斯加的蚂蚁群落中，过度分散和竞争可能在干燥的森林中更普遍，而栖息地过滤可能在潮湿的森林中更占优势。排除入侵蚂蚁物种对群落结构总体影响不大。所有被调查的性状都显示出低到中等的保守性；相关进化的强烈支持是眼睛大小增加和树栖生活方式的结果。栖息地从湿润到干燥和从陆生到乔木的转变更加频繁，大多数谱系的祖先被预测为适应陆生或湿润森林。我们的结论是，大多数马达加斯加蚂蚁支系首先定居在潮湿森林，然后过渡到干燥森林，这表明以前关于马达加斯加S超多样性生物群进化的假设可能不适用于蚂蚁和其他节肢动物。
Ant communities in tropical forests may be governed by varying assembly mechanisms, depending on the particular habitat investigated. We compared phylogenetic diversity and structure across two forest biomes (dry and humid) and two vertical layers (arboreal and terricolous) in ant communities in Madagascar, and assessed the infl uence of invasive species on this community structure. We estimated phylogenetic signal and correlated evolution for habitat and several functional traits and tested for conservatism in relevant functional and habitat traits. Ancestral states were reconstructed to illuminate the evolution of habitat traits. All analyses utilized phylogenies estimated from newly generated data from three nuclear markers for 290 Malagasy ant taxa. Dry forests, although lower in species richness, were found to support equally high lineage diversity as humid forests. In contrast, phylogenetic diversity was much lower in arboreal than in terricolous communities. We observed signifi cant phylogenetic clustering in the combined humid forest and in the arboreal – humid, arboreal – dry and terricolous – humid communities, whereas the combined dry forest community was overdispersed. Among ant communities in Madagascar, overdispersion and competition therefore may be more prevalent in dry forest, and habitat fi ltering may be more dominant in humid forest. Excluding invasive ant species had little overall eff ect on community structure. All investigated traits showed low to intermediate conservatism; strong support for correlated evolution was found for increased eye size and an arboreal lifestyle. Habitat transitions from humid to dry and from terricolous to arboreal occurred more frequently, and ancestors of most lineages were predicted to be terricolous or humid-forest adapted. We conclude that most Malagasy ant clades fi rst colonized humid forests and subsequently transitioned into dry forests, indicating that previous hypotheses on the evolution of Madagascar ’ s hyperdiverse biota may not apply to ants and other arthropods.