Latitudinal directionality in ectotherm invasion success
Latitudinal directionality in ectotherm invasion success
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2019.1411
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发表时间：
2020-02-12
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Simon, Margaret W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amarasekare, Priyanga;Simon, Margaret W.
在化石和现存的分类群中都可以看到一个惊人的模式，即热带变温动物比温带动物更善于入侵温带栖息地。这是令人困惑的，因为热带变温动物作为热专家，面临着更严酷的非生物环境和来自温带动物的竞争，这些动物是热通才。我们开发了一个数学框架来解决这个难题。我们发现(i)如果热带变温动物在温暖的夏季有更高的消耗率和更低的死亡率，它们可以入侵温带栖息地；（ii）高纬度地区更强的季节波动创造了更多的时间生态位，允许热带入侵者和温带居民共存；（iii）温带变温动物未能入侵热带栖息地是由于更高的死亡率，而不是较低的竞争能力。我们的框架仅根据物种对温度的特征反应来预测入侵成功的种群水平结果。它为热带地区既是生物多样性的摇篮又是生物多样性的博物馆提供了一种潜在的生态学解释。
A striking pattern, seen in both fossil and extant taxa, is that tropical ectotherms are better at invading temperate habitats than vice versa. This is puzzling because tropical ectotherms, being thermal specialists, face a harsher abiotic environment and competition from temperate residents that are thermal generalists. We develop a mathematical framework to address this puzzle. We find that (i) tropical ectotherms can invade temperate habitats if they have higher consumption rates and lower mortality during warmer summers, (ii) stronger seasonal fluctuations at higher latitudes create more temporal niches, allowing coexistence of tropical invaders and temperate residents, and (iii) temperate ectotherms' failure to invade tropical habitats is due to greater mortality rather than lower competitive ability. Our framework yields predictions about population-level outcomes of invasion success based solely on species' trait responses to temperature. It provides a potential ecological explanation for why the tropics constitute both a cradle and a museum of biodiversity.