Influence of a Beaufort Sea Storm Surge on Channel Levels in the Mackenzie Delta
Influence of a Beaufort Sea Storm Surge on Channel Levels in the Mackenzie Delta
复制标题
波弗特海风暴潮对麦更些三角洲海峡水位的影响
作者：
P. Marsh;T. Schmidt
1985年9月，加拿大博福特海的风暴潮导致最高水位为1.73 m asl，Tuktoyaktuk的最大涌浪分量为1.38 m。这一涌浪导致外三角洲、中三角洲和上三角洲的河道水位分别上升1.05 m、0.66 m和0.16 m，这些站点的峰值水位分别比博福特海的峰值水位滞后4、17和21小时。这一激增清楚地说明了几点。首先，在整个麦肯齐三角洲，当根据水位-流量关系计算河道流量时，必须考虑到涌浪引起的水位上升。其次，风暴潮在三角洲湖泊泛滥中起着重要作用。然而，需要进一步的工作来说明麦肯齐河洪水与风暴潮相关洪水的相对重要性。第三，1985年9月的海啸说明了海平面上升的潜在影响。虽然由于系统的动力学是非线性的，这一激增不能用作未来海平面上升的直接模拟，但它清楚地表明，海平面上升将对三角洲河道和湖泊的水位状况产生重大影响。进一步的工作应利用数值模拟模型来说明海平面上升对麦肯齐三角洲水位的影响。关键词：麦肯齐三角洲，风暴潮，河道水位，气候变化
A storm surge in the Canadian Beaufort Sea during September 1985 resulted in a maximum water level of 1.73 m asl and a maximum surge component of 1.38 m at Tuktoyaktuk. This surge resulted in rises in channel water levels of 1.05 m in the outer delta, 0.66 m in the middle delta and 0.16 m in the upper delta, with the peak water levels at these stations lagging 4, 17, and 21 hours respectively behind the peak water level in the Beaufort Sea. This surge clearly illustrates a number of points. First, throughout the Mackenzie Delta increased water levels resulting from surges must be taken into account when calculating channel discharge from a stage-discharge relationship. Second, storm surges play an important role in the flooding of delta lakes. However, further work is required to illustrate the relative importance of flooding by the Mackenzie River versus storm surge related flooding. Third, the surge of September 1985 illustrates the potential effect of rising sea level. Although this surge cannot be used as a direct analogue for future sea level rise because the dynamics of the system are non-linear, it clearly shows that a rise in sea level would have a major impact on the water level regime of delta channels and lakes. Further work should utilize a numerical simulation model to illustrate the effect of rising sea level on water levels in the Mackenzie Delta. Key words: Mackenzie Delta, storm surge, channel water levels, climate change