Social Enterprise: At the Crossroads of Market, Public Policies and Civil Society
Social Enterprise: At the Crossroads of Market, Public Policies and Civil Society
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社会企业：处于市场、公共政策和公民社会的十字路口
DOI：
10.1108/17465680810880107
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Hervé Mesure
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hervé Mesure
Marthe Nyssens 是第三部门领域的重要学者。她是比利时鲁汶天主教大学经济系的常任教授，并担任“团结与社会创新跨学科研究中心”第三部门和社会政策研究小组的协调员。她是 EMES 的成员，EMES 是一个关于社会经济和社会企业的欧洲研究网络。这本书由大约 20 位欧洲学者撰写，这些学者因其在第三部门研究、非营利组织和社会政策方面的工作而被公认为先驱。这本书是关于社会企业的，它是“非标准”企业的最后一个化身。本书以EMES提出的社会企业多维定义为基础。因此，社会企业是一个组织或项目，必须： 生产和销售商品和/或服务的连续活动，具有高度的自主权；涉及重大经济风险、最低限度的有偿工作、有造福社区的明确目标、由一群公民发起的倡议、拥有不以资本所有权为基础的决策权、是一个涉及受其活动影响的各方的参与性组织、涉及有限的利润分配。请注意，这个定义可以被视为新资本主义企业的对立面。社会企业产生的社会背景是欧洲社会排斥现象的发展。
Marthe Nyssens is a major scholar in the third sector field. She is permanent Professor at the Department of Economics of the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium, where she is the Co‐ordinator of a research team on third sector and social policies within the “Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires sur la Solidarité et l'Innovation Sociale”. She is a Member of the EMES that is an European research network about the social economy and the social enterprise.The book is written by about 20 European scholars recognized as pioneers for their work on third sector research, non‐profit organizations and social policy. This book is about social enterprises that are the last avatar of “non standard” enterprises. The book is founded on the EMES multidimensional definition of the social enterprise proposed by the EMES. A social enterprise is therefore an organization or a project that must be: a continuous activity producing and selling goods and/or services, have a high degree of autonomy; involve a significant level of economic risk, a minimum amount of paid work, have an explicit aim to benefit the community, be an initiative launched by a group of citizens, have a decision‐making power not based on capital ownership, be a participative organization which involves the various parties affected by its activity and involve limited profit distribution. Notice that this definition could be considered as the opposite of the neo‐capitalist enterprise. The social background of the social enterprise is the development of social exclusion in Europe.