Dual disease resistance mediated by the immune receptor Cf-2 in tomato requires a common virulence target of a fungus and a nematode
Dual disease resistance mediated by the immune receptor Cf-2 in tomato requires a common virulence target of a fungus and a nematode
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1202867109
复制
发表时间：
2012-06-19
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Smant, Geert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lozano-Torres, Jose L.;Wilbers, Ruud H. P.;Smant, Geert
植物缺乏在脊椎动物中发现的体细胞适应性免疫系统的看似无限的受体多样性，并且仅依赖于相对较小的先天免疫受体来抵抗无数病原体。在这里，我们表明，抗病番茄植物使用一种有效的机制来利用其先天免疫系统的有限的非自我识别能力。我们发现，红醋栗番茄（Solanum pimpinellifolium）的细胞外植物免疫受体蛋白Cf-2已获得双重抗性特异性，通过感测扰动在一个共同的毒力靶标的两个独立进化的效应的真菌和线虫。Cf-2蛋白最初被鉴定为叶霉菌Cladosporium fulvum的单特异性免疫受体，也介导对根寄生线虫Globodera rostochiensis致病型Ro1-Mierenbos的抗病性。Cf-2介导的双重抗性是由效应子诱导的S.茴芹Gr VAP 1与G. rostochiensis对Rcr3（pim）的突变扰乱了这种木瓜蛋白酶样半胱氨酸蛋白酶的活性位点。在缺乏Cf-2受体的情况下，Rcr3（pim）增加番茄植株对G. rostochiensis，从而显示其作为这些线虫的毒力靶标的作用。此外，线虫感染和瞬时表达的Gr-VAP 1在番茄植物窝藏Cf-2和Rcr3（pim）触发植物细胞中的防御相关的程序性细胞死亡。我们的数据表明，监测多种病原体靶向的宿主蛋白质拓宽了由单一植物免疫受体介导的抗病性谱。
Plants lack the seemingly unlimited receptor diversity of a somatic adaptive immune system as found in vertebrates and rely on only a relatively small set of innate immune receptors to resist a myriad of pathogens. Here, we show that disease-resistant tomato plants use an efficient mechanism to leverage the limited nonself recognition capacity of their innate immune system. We found that the extracellular plant immune receptor protein Cf-2 of the red currant tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) has acquired dual resistance specificity by sensing perturbations in a common virulence target of two independently evolved effectors of a fungus and a nematode. The Cf-2 protein, originally identified as a monospecific immune receptor for the leaf mold fungus Cladosporium fulvum, also mediates disease resistance to the root parasitic nematode Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1-Mierenbos. The Cf-2-mediated dual resistance is triggered by effector-induced perturbations of the apoplastic Rcr3(pim) protein of S. pimpinellifolium. Binding of the venom allergen-like effector protein Gr-VAP1 of G. rostochiensis to Rcr3(pim) perturbs the active site of this papain-like cysteine protease. In the absence of the Cf-2 receptor, Rcr3(pim) increases the susceptibility of tomato plants to G. rostochiensis, thus showing its role as a virulence target of these nematodes. Furthermore, both nematode infection and transient expression of Gr-VAP1 in tomato plants harboring Cf-2 and Rcr3(pim) trigger a defense-related programmed cell death in plant cells. Our data demonstrate that monitoring host proteins targeted by multiple pathogens broadens the spectrum of disease resistances mediated by single plant immune receptors.