Vertical distribution of radiocesium in soils of the area affected by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident
Vertical distribution of radiocesium in soils of the area affected by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident
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福岛第一核电站事故影响地区土壤放射性铯的垂直分布
DOI：
10.1134/s1064229316050082
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Y. Wakiyama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Konoplev;V. Golosov;V. Golosov;V. Yoschenko;K. Nanba;Y. Onda;T. Takase;Y. Wakiyama
介绍了放射性铯垂直分布在土壤中的灌溉池塘集水区在近场0.25至8公里的福岛第一核电站的研究结果，在部分的新田河洪泛区，并在森林生态系统的典型领土污染事故后。结果表明，放射性铯在未受干扰的森林和草原土壤中的垂直迁移受福岛事故影响的区域是快于它是在切尔诺贝利核电站的30公里区域的土壤中的事故后的类似的时间间隔。福岛土壤中的有效弥散系数比切尔诺贝利土壤中的有效弥散系数高几倍。这可能与福岛的年降水量比切尔诺贝利地区高（约2.5倍）有关。在森林土壤中放射性铯的扩散速度比草原土壤快，无论是在福岛和切尔诺贝利地区。通过研究和分析福岛放射性铯在新田川洪泛区土壤中的垂直分布，可以确定洪泛区污染沉积物的堆积区域。Niida gawa洪泛区研究地点沉积物的平均累积速率为0.3 - 3.3 cm/年。考虑到沉积物的积累，导致冲积土壤中放射性铯的库存增加，是关键的预测放射性污染的再分布后，福岛事故的河流流域，以及污染的土地补救和清理的决策。清除冲积土似乎不值得，因为随后会有来自包括禁区在内的污染较重地区的污染沉积物积聚。
Presented are results of the study of radiocesium vertical distribution in the soils of the irrigation pond catchments in the near field 0.25 to 8 km from the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP, on sections of the Niida River floodplain, and in a forest ecosystem typical of the territory contaminated after the accident. It is shown that the vertical migration of radiocesium in undisturbed forest and grassland soils in the zone affected by the Fukushima accident is faster than it was in the soils of the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP for a similar time interval after the accident. The effective dispersion coefficients in the Fukushima soils are several times higher than those for the Chernobyl soils. This may be associated with higher annual precipitation (by about 2.5 times) in Fukushima as compared to the Chernobyl zone. In the forest soils the radiocesium dispersion is faster as compared to grassland soils, both in the Fukushima and Chernobyl zones. The study and analysis of the vertical distribution of the Fukushima origin radiocesium in the Niida gawa floodplain soils has made it possible to identify areas of contaminated sediment accumulation on the floodplain. The average accumulation rate for sediments at the study locations on the Niida gawa floodplain varied from 0.3 to 3.3 cm/year. Taking into account the sediments accumulation leading to an increase in the radiocesium inventory in alluvial soils is key for predicting redistribution of radioactive contamination after the Fukushima accident on the river catchments, as well as for decision-making on contaminated territories remediation and clean-up. Clean-up of alluvial soils does not seem to be worthwhile because of the following accumulation of contaminated sediments originating from more contaminated areas, including the exclusion zone.