AN ANALYSIS OF COPING IN A MIDDLE-AGED COMMUNITY SAMPLE
AN ANALYSIS OF COPING IN A MIDDLE-AGED COMMUNITY SAMPLE
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DOI：
10.2307/2136617
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
LAZARUS, RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FOLKMAN, S;LAZARUS, RS
本研究以100名45-64岁的社区居民为被试，对他们在一年内应对日常生活压力事件的方式进行了研究。拉扎勒斯对心理压力的认知现象学分析提供了理论框架。通过每月访谈和访谈之间完成的自我报告问卷调查，最近经历的压力遭遇的信息。在每次访谈和问卷调查结束时，参与者在68项应对方式清单上指出了在特定遭遇中使用的应对思想和行动。每位参与者平均报告了13.3次发作。应对的功能[2]，问题为中心和情绪为中心，分别进行了分析。问题和情绪为重点的应对在98%的1332集，强调应对概念化的防御或解决问题的条款是不完整的，这两个功能通常涉及。个体内分析表明，人们在应对模式上的变化比一致性更大。一个事件的背景下，谁是参与，它是如何评价，年龄和性别进行了检查，作为应对的潜在影响。背景和如何评价事件是最有力的因素。工作环境有利于以问题为中心的应对，健康环境有利于以情绪为中心的应对。当一个人认为可以做一些建设性的事情，或者被认为需要更多的信息时，他倾向于以问题为中心的应对，而那些必须被接受的情况则倾向于以情绪为中心的应对。没有与年龄相关的影响，性别差异只出现在以问题为中心的应对。在工作中，以及在必须接受和需要更多信息的情况下，男性比女性使用更多以问题为中心的应对方式。与传统的文化模式相反，在情绪集中的应对方式上不存在性别差异。
The ways 100 community-residing men and women aged 45-64 coped with the stressful events of daily living during 1 yr were studied. Lazarus''s cognitive-phenomenological analysis of psychological stress provides the theoretical framework. Information about recently experienced stressful encounters was elicited through monthly interviews and self-report questionnaires completed between interviews. At the end of each interview and questionnaire, the participant indicated on a 68-item Ways of Coping checklist those coping thoughts and actions used in the specific encounter. A mean of 13.3 episodes was reported by each participant. Functions of coping [2], problem-focused and emotion-focused, are analyzed with separate measures. Problem and emotion-focused coping were used in 98% of the 1332 episodes, emphasizing that coping conceptualized in either defensive or problem-solving terms is incomplete; both functions are usually involved. Intraindividual analyses show that people are more variable than consistent in their coping patterns. The context of an event, who is involved, how it is appraised, age and gender are examined as potential influences on coping. Context and how the event is appraised are the most potent factors. Work contexts favor problem-focused coping, and health contexts favor emotion-focused coping. Situations in which the person thinks something constructive can be done or that are appraised as requiring more information favor problem-focused coping, whereas those having to be accepted favor emotion-focused coping. There are no effects associated with age, and gender differences emerge only in problem-focused coping. Men use more problem-focused coping than women at work and in situations having to be accepted and requiring more information. Contrary to the cultural stereotype, there are no gender differences in emotion-focused coping.