Gender differentials and old age survival in the Nairobi slums, Kenya
Gender differentials and old age survival in the Nairobi slums, Kenya
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.002
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Falkingham, Jane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bennett, Rachel;Chepngeno-Langat, Gloria;Falkingham, Jane
本文探讨性别差异的生存老年人（50岁以上）在内罗毕贫民窟，据我们所知，是第一次在非洲城市设置的研究。结果提供的证据相反，预期的矛盾较差的自我评价的健康，但更好的生存老年妇女。内罗毕贫民窟的老年妇女自我评估的健康状况较差，在残疾和社会经济地位等其他因素方面的状况也较差。此外，贫民窟中的老年妇女的生存状况并不好。只有在考虑到个人特征、社交网络、健康和社会经济地位的累积影响后，传统的女性在死亡率方面的优势才变得明显，这表明女性在未经调整的老年死亡率方面的优势并不适用于妇女在多个生活领域都处于明显劣势的情况。这突出表明，迫切需要在诸如内罗毕贫民窟的情况下，解决妇女在整个生命过程中可获得的支助、地位和机会问题。此外，区分男子死亡风险的因素多于妇女，这表明贫民窟老年男子之间存在不平等，并突出表明需要采取对性别问题有敏感认识的干预措施，以满足老年男女的特殊需要。(C)2016年6月，作者。爱思唯尔有限公司出版
This paper examines gender differentials in survival amongst older people (50+ years) in the Nairobi slums and to the best of our knowledge is the first study of its kind in an urban African setting. The results provide evidence contrary to the expected paradox of poorer self-rated health yet better survival amongst older women. Older women in the Nairobi slums have poorer self-rated health and poorer circumstances across other factors, including disability and socio-economic status. Further, older women in the slums do not have better survival. The conventional female advantage in mortality only becomes apparent after accounting for the cumulative influence of individual characteristics, social networks, health and socio-economic status, suggesting the female advantage in unadjusted old-age mortality does not apply to contexts where women experience significant disadvantage across multiple life domains. This highlights the urgent need to redress the support, status and opportunities available for women across the life course in contexts such as the Nairobi slums. In addition, a greater number of factors differentiate mortality risk amongst men than amongst women, suggesting inequality amongst slum dwelling older men and highlighting the need for gender sensitive interventions which account for the particular needs of both genders in old age. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.