Acoustic applications in fisheries science: the ICES contribution
Acoustic applications in fisheries science: the ICES contribution
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渔业科学中的声学应用：ICES 的贡献
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Simmonds
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Fernandes;F. Gerlotto;D. V. Holliday;O. Nakken;E. Simmonds
Fernandes，P. G.，Gerlotto，F.，霍利迪，D.五、Nakken，O.，Simmonds，E. J. 2002年。声学在渔业科学中的应用：海考会的贡献。- ICES海洋科学研讨会，215：483 - 492。声音是感知海洋环境最有效的媒介，鲸目动物回声定位的进化已经发展了数百万年。自成立以来的100年中，海考会主持了渔业科学的类似发展：渔业声学。回声测深仪发明于20世纪20年代，国际海洋考察理事会的文献记录了20世纪30年代探测鱼类的成功尝试。随着战后声学仪器的普及，进行了“回声调查”，以绘制各种渔业资源。国际海洋考察理事会于1954年组织了第一次关于回声测深作为捕鱼辅助手段的会议，这项技术在1960年代蓬勃发展。向海考会各委员会报告了进展情况，并于1969年与粮农组织共同举办了一个培训班。海考会于1973年在挪威的卑尔根举行了一次关于“渔业研究中的水声学”的国际专题讨论会。这是四个比较成功的专题讨论会之一，通过海考会出版的会议录记录了渔业声学的全球观点。主要是由于第三次会议的结果，设立了一个专门小组，以满足外地内不断扩大的贡献。海考会渔业声学科学和技术工作组（WGFAST）于1984年首次开会，此后一直很活跃，就该领域的重要议题提供权威文件。本文回顾了国际海洋考察理事会在该领域的贡献，并介绍了一种技术的一般原理，这种技术已经发展成为调查鱼类、浮游生物和其他海洋生物的丰度、分布、行为和生态的有力手段。
Fernandes, P. G., Gerlotto, F., Holliday, D. V., Nakken, O., and Simmonds, E. J. 2002. Acoustic applications in fisheries science: the ICES contribution. ‐ ICES Marine Science Symposia, 215: 483‐492. Sound is the most effective medium with which to perceive the marine environment, as evidenced from the evolution of echolocation in cetaceans developed over millions of years. In the 100 years since its inception, ICES has presided over an analogous development in fisheries science: fisheries acoustics. Echosounders were invented in the 1920s, and successful attempts to detect fish in the 1930s are recorded in the ICES literature. With the proliferation of acoustic instrumentation in the post-war years, "echo surveys" were carried out to map various fisheries resources. The first meeting on echosounding as an aid to fishing was organized by ICES in 1954, and the technique flourished in the 1960s. Progress was reported to ICES committees, and a training course was organized in 1969 in conjunction with FAO. An ICES International Symposium on "Hydro-Acoustics in Fisheries Research" took place in Bergen, Norway in 1973. This was one of four more successful symposia documenting a global view of fisheries acoustics through the proceedings published by ICES. It was largely as a result of the third conference that a specific group was set up to cater for the expanding contributions within the field. The ICES Working Group on Fisheries Acoustics Science and Technology (WGFAST) met for the first time in 1984 and has been active ever since, providing authoritative documentation on important topics in the field. This paper reviews the ICES contributions in the field and describes the general principles of a technique which has evolved to provide a powerful means for investigating the abundance, distribution, behaviour, and ecology of fish, plankton, and other marine organisms.