Three-dimensional deformation monitoring and simulations for the preventive conservation of architectural heritage: a case study of the Angkor Wat Temple, Cambodia
Three-dimensional deformation monitoring and simulations for the preventive conservation of architectural heritage: a case study of the Angkor Wat Temple, Cambodia
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DOI：
10.1080/15481603.2020.1871188
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Fulong Chen;Hang Xu;Wei Zhou;Wenwu Zheng;Yunyuan Deng;I. Parcharidis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fulong Chen;Hang Xu;Wei Zhou;Wenwu Zheng;Yunyuan Deng;I. Parcharidis
建筑遗产具有重要的历史、艺术和技术价值。然而，这些地点容易长期退化，对周围景观的干扰很敏感，从而导致建筑的潜在退化。变形是建筑遗产脆弱性的定量指标。通过现有的大地测量方法，如全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）和干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR），提取三维（3D）变形被证明是一项具有挑战性的任务。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种适应性强的方法，通过整合差分SAR断层扫描（D-TomoSAR）和有限元方法（FEM）来预防建筑遗产的监测，以克服当前大地测量方法在文化应用中的局限性（即空间上的稀疏测量；时间和劳动密集型）。柬埔寨吴哥窟世界遗产中著名的纪念碑吴哥窟庙宇被选为调查对象。利用2011-2013年期间获得的46张TerraSAR-X图像，我们使用D-TomoSAR计算了该结构的变形、高度和热膨胀。利用InSAR变形测量作为约束条件，进行三维变形模拟和结构监测，采用综合方法诊断建筑结构的稳健性。实验结果表明：1)InSAR测量数据的整合防止了结构失稳的低估，并将简化的物理模型和力学参数与有限元模拟联系起来。2)吴哥窟寺庙显得稳定；然而，在绝对变形率高达3毫米/年的情况下，检测到结构不稳定。3)正面和背面太阳辐射引起的热相关变形的日变化引起了建筑的弯曲和结构缺陷的风险。我们的研究揭示了吴哥窟寺庙的缺陷机制，并展示了所提出的方法在全球建筑遗产健康诊断和预防性保护方面的潜力。
ABSTRACT Architectural heritage has important historical, artistic, and technological value. However, these sites are subject to long-term degradation and are sensitive to disturbances from the surrounding landscape, resulting in the potential deterioration of the architecture. Deformation is a quantitative indicator of the vulnerability of architectural heritage. The extraction of three-dimensional (3D) deformation via existing geodetic approaches, such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), proves to be a challenging task. In this study, we proposed an adaptable methodology for the preventive monitoring of architectural heritage by integrating differential SAR tomography (D-TomoSAR) and a finite element method (FEM) to overcome the limitations of current geodetic approaches in cultural applications (i.e., sparse measurements in space; time- and labor-intensive). The Angkor Wat Temple, a well-known monument at the Angkor World Heritage site, Cambodia, was selected as the investigation target. We used D-TomoSAR to calculate the deformation, height, and thermal dilation of the structure using 46 TerraSAR-X images acquired during 2011–2013. InSAR deformation measurements were used as the constraint for the 3D deformation simulation and structural monitoring using an integrated approach to diagnose the soundness of the architectural structure. The experimental results demonstrate the following: 1) the integration of InSAR measurements prevented the underestimation of structural instabilities and linked the simplified physical model and mechanical parameters to the FEM simulation. 2) The Angkor Wat Temple appeared stable; however, structural instabilities were detected with an absolute deformation rate of up to 3 mm/yr. 3) Daily changes in thermal-related deformations caused by incoming frontal and posterior solar radiation-induced the bending of the architecture and the risk of structural defects. Our study reveals the defect mechanism of the Angkor Wat Temple and demonstrates the potential of the proposed method for the health diagnosis and preventive safeguarding of architectural heritages across the globe.