Cognitive Control Facilitates Attentional Disengagement during Second Language Comprehension
Cognitive Control Facilitates Attentional Disengagement during Second Language Comprehension
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci9050095
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kroll, Judith E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Navarro-Torres, Christian A.;Garcia, Dalia L.;Kroll, Judith E.
双语者学习解决他们两种语言之间的冲突，这项技能被假设为在认知功能上产生长期的适应性变化。然而，关于双语者如何招募认知控制来有效使用他们的一种语言，尤其是在技能较低、更费力的第二语言(L2)中，人们知之甚少。本研究考察了实时认知控制参与对二语句子理解(即冲突适应)的影响。我们使用最近开发的跨任务适应范式对一组英语单语者和一组二语英语使用者进行了测试。Stroop序列被伪随机地与视觉世界范式交织在一起，在视觉世界范式中，参与者被要求执行句法模糊或明确的口头指令。与之前的研究一致，眼动研究结果表明，与Stroop相关的冲突提高了在含糊指令下使用正确目标解释的能力，以及脱离不正确目标解释的能力。这种认知到语言的调节在两组中都是相似的，但只是在参与文章中。在脱离部分，双语者比单语者更早出现调节，这表明认知控制招募后注意脱离的群体差异。此外，错误目标的眼球运动受到工作记忆的个体差异的调节，尽管每个组的差异不同，这表明语言特定资源和领域一般资源都参与了这一过程。
Bilinguals learn to resolve conflict between their two languages and that skill has been hypothesized to create long-term adaptive changes in cognitive functioning. Yet, little is known about how bilinguals recruit cognitive control to enable efficient use of one of their languages, especially in the less skilled and more effortful second language (L2). Here we examined how real-time cognitive control engagement influences L2 sentence comprehension (i.e., conflict adaptation). We tested a group of English monolinguals and a group of L2 English speakers using a recently-developed cross-task adaptation paradigm. Stroop sequences were pseudo-randomly interleaved with a visual-world paradigm in which participants were asked to carry out spoken instructions that were either syntactically ambiguous or unambiguous. Consistent with previous research, eye-movement results showed that Stroop-related conflict improved the ability to engage correct-goal interpretations, and disengage incorrect-goal interpretations, during ambiguous instructions. Such cognitive-to-language modulations were similar in both groups, but only in the engagement piece. In the disengagement portion, the modulation emerged earlier in bilinguals than in monolinguals, suggesting group differences in attentional disengagement following cognitive control recruitment. Additionally, incorrect-goal eye-movements were modulated by individual differences in working memory, although differently for each group, suggesting an involvement of both language-specific and domain-general resources.