From "Engineeresses" to "Girl Engineers" to "Good Engineers": A History of Women's U.S. Engineering Education
From "Engineeresses" to "Girl Engineers" to "Good Engineers": A History of Women's U.S. Engineering Education
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从“女工程师”到“女工程师”再到“优秀工程师”：美国女性工程教育史
DOI：
10.2979/nws.2004.16.1.27
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Bix
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Bix
在整个世纪上半叶和进入第二个世纪，在工程领域学习或工作的女性被普遍认为是最好的怪人，最坏的是被排斥，蔑视传统的性别规范。在世纪的后半叶，活动家们为改变这种状况而斗争，赢得了对女性成为优秀工程师的能力的承认。为了获得公众对女工程师的认可，倡导者庆祝她们在该领域的成功。为了改善妇女在教育和就业方面的环境，活动家们组织起来，呼吁人们注意问题，要求改变。为了直接帮助妇女，女工程师建立了社会、心理和经济互助体系。通过这些战略，女工程师的条件在短短几十年内发生了显著变化，尽管仍存在许多挑战。
Throughout the first half of the 20th century and into the second, women studying or working in engineering were popularly perceived as oddities at best, outcasts at worst, defying traditional gender norms. During the last half of the 20th century, activists fought to change that situation, to win acknowledgment of women's ability to become good engineers. To gain public recognition for women engineers, advocates celebrated their successes in the field. To improve the climate for women in education and employment, activists organized to call attention to problems and demanded change. To aid women directly, female engineers created systems of social, psychological, and financial mutual support. Through such strategies, conditions for female engineers changed noticeably over just a few decades, although many challenges remain.