Egalitarianism in female African lions
Egalitarianism in female African lions
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1062320
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发表时间：
2001-07-27
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Eberly, LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Packer, C;Pusey, AE;Eberly, LE
因为大多数合作社都是专制的，所以很难检验平均主义的模式。雌性非洲狮展示了一种独特的多元繁殖形式，在这种形式中，同伴总是能产生相似数量的存活后代。与生殖偏斜模型的理论预测一致，由于战斗的高成本和彼此新生幼崽的低接触率，雌狮无法控制彼此的生殖。雌性也会采取激励措施来减少同伴的繁殖，因为她自己的生存和繁殖取决于群体的领土性和同步繁殖。因此，雌狮的关系是高度对称的，雌狮是“自由的代理人”，只有当它们有自己的幼崽时才能为社区照顾做出贡献。
Because most cooperative societies are despotic, it has been difficult to test models of egalitarianism. Female African lions demonstrate a unique form of plural breeding in which companions consistently produce similar numbers of surviving offspring. Consistent with theoretical predictions from models of reproductive skew, female lions are unable to control each other's reproduction because of high costs of fighting and low access to each other's newborn cubs. A female also tacks incentives to reduce her companions' reproduction, because her own survival and reproduction depend on group territoriality and synchronous breeding. Consequently, female relationships are highly symmetrical, and female lions are "free agents" who only contribute to communal care when they have cubs of their own.