Toward a Cultural Theory of Duties
Toward a Cultural Theory of Duties
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迈向责任的文化理论
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Harré
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Moghaddam;Nikki R. Slocum;N. Finkel;T. Mor;R. Harré
本文提出了若干命题，作为构建义务文化理论的一步。“义务”概念的建立是与“权利”概念相对立的，因为前者是对他人的义务，后者是对他人的要求。我们认为责任心理学被忽视了。责任与社会生活中的重要连续性有关，为了阐述这一点，我们引入了载体的概念，人们将他们想要保持的文化元素挂在载体上的象征性装置。我们认为，义务起源于社会生活中某些长期存在的社会心理特征，其起源要早于文字、正式法律和政府的起源。因此，非形式化（规范性）义务早于黑字法律义务，后者倾向于被设置为前者的正式表达。同样的行为，在公众可观察到的行为的意义上，通常可以被描述为权利的实现或义务的履行，这取决于文化背景。规范职责和黑字职责之间的界限也因文化而异。我们认为，在任何时候，规范性义务都比黑字义务更接近社会理想。最后，我们提出在实现黑体法上的平等权利后，少数民族应将关注的焦点转移到因其道德地位的变化而产生的相关义务上。与此同时，这要求多数人履行其履行少数人权利的义务。
This article puts forward a number of propositions as a step toward a cultural theory of duties. The concept of ‘duty’ is set up in contrast to that of ‘rights’, in that while the former is owed to others, the latter are demanded of others. We believe that the psychology of duty has been neglected. Duties are associated with important continuities in social life, and to elaborate this point we introduce the concept of carriers, symbolic devices on which people hang cultural elements they want to maintain. Duties, we propose, have their origins in certain perennial social psychological features of social life, predating the origins of writing and formal law and government. Thus unformalized (normative) duties pre-date black-letter law duties, the latter tending to be installed as the formal expression of the former. The same conduct, in the sense of publicly observable actions, can often be described either as the implementation of a right, or as the fulfillment of a duty, depending on the cultural context. Where the line is drawn between normative and black-letter duties also varies across cultures. We argue that at any time, normative duties are closer to societal ideals than are black-letter duties. Finally, we propose that after achieving equal rights in black-letter law, minorities should shift their focus to the correlative duties that arise from their change in moral status. At the same time this entails that the majority fulfills its duty to implement the minorities’ rights.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Joan G. Miller;David M. Bersoff
通讯作者：
Joan G. Miller;David M. Bersoff