Multiple species of Trichosporon produce biofilms highly resistant to triazoles and amphotericin B.
Multiple species of Trichosporon produce biofilms highly resistant to triazoles and amphotericin B.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0109553
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Colombo AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iturrieta-González IA;Padovan AC;Bizerra FC;Hahn RC;Colombo AL
毛孢子菌引起的侵袭性感染。近年来显著增加，特别是在使用导管和抗生素的中性粒细胞减少症和危重病人中。该属对不同的抗真菌药物的敏感性有限，但三氮唑类药物是首选治疗药物。在这里，我们研究了54株毛孢子菌的生物被膜形成及对三氮唑和两性霉素B的敏感性。从血液样本(19个)、尿样(20个)和浅部真菌病(15个)获得的分离株。通过序列分析和rDNA IGS1区的系统发育分析，对所有分离株和7株参考菌株进行了鉴定。生物膜生长在96孔板上，用结晶紫染色结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行定量。采用浮游细胞微量稀释法(CLSI)和生物被膜细胞XTT还原试验进行氟康唑、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑和两性霉素B的药敏试验。结果表明，最常见的种类是阿萨希虫(66.7%)，其次是粪虫(11.1%)、星形毛虫(9.3%)、印氏毛虫(7.4%)、皮炎毛虫(3.7%)和核毛虫(1.8%)。在Asahii分离株中鉴定出4种基因类型(G1、G3、G4和G5)，在粪肠毛虫中鉴定出2种基因类型(G1和G3)。所有物种均表现出较强的粘附性和生物被膜形成能力，主要是Inkin、T.asteroids和T.faecale。高产生物膜菌株的显微镜图像显示，Asahii主要表现为菌丝和节孢子，而星形木霉主要表现为短节分生孢子和极少的细丝。伏立康唑的体外抗菌活性最强。分离株和参比菌株的生物被膜形成细胞对所测试的所有抗真菌药物均高度耐药。我们得出的结论是，毛孢子菌的生物膜形成水平。与所描述的念珠菌属相似，甚至更大。生物膜形成细胞对抗真菌药物的抵抗力至少是浮游细胞的1000倍，特别是对伏立康唑。
Invasive infections caused by Trichosporon spp. have increased considerably in recent years, especially in neutropenic and critically ill patients using catheters and antibiotics. The genus presents limited sensitivity to different antifungal agents, but triazoles are the first choice for treatment. Here, we investigated the biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility to triazoles and amphotericin B of 54 Trichosporon spp. isolates obtained from blood samples (19), urine (20) and superficial mycosis (15). All isolates and 7 reference strains were identified by sequence analysis and phylogenetic inferences of the IGS1 region of the rDNA. Biofilms were grown on 96-well plates and quantitation was performed using crystal violet staining, complemented with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Susceptibility tests for fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B were processed using the microdilution broth method (CLSI) for planktonic cells and XTT reduction assay for biofilm-forming cells. Our results showed that T. asahii was the most frequent species identified (66.7%), followed by T. faecale (11.1%), T. asteroides (9.3%), T. inkin (7.4%), T. dermatis (3.7%) and one T. coremiiforme (1.8%). We identified 4 genotypes within T. asahii isolates (G1, G3, G4 and G5) and 2 genotypes within T. faecale (G1 and G3). All species exhibited high adhesion and biofilm formation capabilities, mainly T. inkin, T. asteroides and T. faecale. Microscopy images of high biofilm-producing isolates showed that T. asahii presented mainly hyphae and arthroconidia, whereas T. asteroides exhibited mainly short arthroconidia and few filaments. Voriconazole exhibited the best in vitro activity against all species tested. Biofilm-forming cells of isolates and reference strains were highly resistant to all antifungals tested. We concluded that levels of biofilm formation by Trichosporon spp. were similar or even greater than those described for the Candida genus. Biofilm-forming cells were at least 1,000 times more resistant to antifungals than planktonic cells, especially to voriconazole.
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DOI：
10.1590/s0074-02762008000800008
发表时间：
2008-12-01
期刊：
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
影响因子：
--
作者：
Magalhães, Alba Regina;Mondino, Silvia Susana Bona de;Nishikawa, Marilia Martins
通讯作者：
Nishikawa, Marilia Martins
影响因子：
3
作者：
Fonseca, Fernanda L.;Frases, Susana;Rodrigues, Marcio L.
通讯作者：
Rodrigues, Marcio L.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kontoyiannis, DP;Torres, HA;Raad, II
通讯作者：
Raad, II
影响因子：
3
作者：
Karashima, R;Yamakami, Y;Nasu, M
通讯作者：
Nasu, M
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Jin, Y;Yip, HK;Samaranayake, LP
通讯作者：
Samaranayake, LP