Spectral sensitivity, intense spectral light studies and the color receptor mosaic of primates.
Spectral sensitivity, intense spectral light studies and the color receptor mosaic of primates.
复制标题
光谱敏感性、强光谱光研究和灵长类动物的颜色受体镶嵌。
DOI：
10.1016/0042-6989(86)90175-6
复制
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Sperling,HG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sperling,HG
二十五年前，当这本杂志创刊时，除了少数支持区域理论的激进分子的见解（Mueller，1930；Adams，1942；Judd，1951）之外，色觉理论家们正在争论与 19 世纪相同的事情。两个阵营基于不同的观点和不同的心理物理学证据，展开了激烈的争论。一个人主张三种独立受体机制的杨-亥姆霍兹理论，该机制增加了它们对产生亮度和颜色混合数据的敏感性。另一个人包括赫林理论的支持者，该理论声称每种感光机制都能够在原色对之间以及黑白之间进行减法或对立抵消，以产生亮度。他们的证据主要来自对颜色外观、同步颜色对比度、残像研究以及取消原色以匹配白色的研究。这两种理论在首次提出时都是单阶段理论。就在视觉研究成立之前，Svaetichin（1956）迈出了第一步，最终导致了这两个理论的瓦解。他从鱼视网膜的外丛状层进行细胞内记录，发现单个神经单元（结果是水平细胞）对光谱的一个部分超极化，对另一部分去极化。这必定是来自两类感光器的信号的第二阶段组合，从而支持色觉的多阶段理论（Mueller，Adams，Judd，前引）。
Twenty five years ago when this journal was founded, except for the insights of a few radicals who favored zone theories (Mueller, 1930; Adams, 1942; Judd, 1951) color vision theorists were arguing about the same things as they had been in the nineteenth century. There was heated controversy between two camps based on different points of view and different psychophysical evidence. The one argued for the Young-Helmholtz theory of three independent receptor mechanisms which added their sensitivities to produced luminosity and color mixture data. The other included proponents of the Hering theory, which claimed that each photoreceptor mechanism was capable of a subtractive or opponent cancellation between pairs of primary colors and between black and white to give luminosity. Their evidence was largely from studies of color appearance, simultaneous color contrast, after-images studies and cancellation of primaries to match white. Both theories were one-stage theories in the form in which they were first proposed. Just before the founding of Vision Research, Svaetichin (1956) had taken the first big step which eventually led to the unraveling of the two theories. He recorded intracellularly from the outer plexiform layer of the fish retina and found that single neural units, which turned out to be horizontal cells (see Tomita and MacNichol, this issue), hyperpolarized to one part of the spectrum and depolarized to another. This must be a second stage combination of signals from two classes of photoreceptors, thus supporting the multi-stage theories of color vision (Mueller, Adams, Judd op. cit.).