Mapping the knowledge and understanding of menarche, menstrual hygiene and menstrual health among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries.
Mapping the knowledge and understanding of menarche, menstrual hygiene and menstrual health among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/s12978-017-0293-6
复制
发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Patel SV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chandra-Mouli V;Patel SV
月经是一个自然的生理过程，需要适当的管理。与其他正常的身体过程不同，月经与宗教和文化意义有关，可能影响年轻女孩的看法以及周围社区的成年人对她们需求的反应。本综述旨在回答以下问题：（1）中低收入国家的少女对月经的了解程度，以及她们对初潮的准备程度，（2）她们的月经信息来源，（3）她们周围的成年人对她们的信息需求的反应如何，（4）青少年因月经而经历哪些负面的健康和社会影响，以及（5）青少年在经历这些负面影响时如何应对，以及他们因此发展了哪些做法？使用结构化的搜索策略，调查年轻女孩的初潮准备，月经知识和实践周围的月经卫生LMIC的文章被确定。2000年至2015年间，共有81项研究发表在同行评审期刊上，描述了来自25个不同国家的青春期女孩的经历。LMIC的少女往往不知情，对初潮毫无准备。信息主要来自母亲和其他女性家庭成员，她们不一定具备填补女孩知识空白的能力。排斥和羞耻导致对月经的误解和不卫生的做法。女孩往往不去看医生，而是缺课，自我克制，不参加社会交往。另一个问题是，亲属和教师往往不准备对女孩的需要作出反应。LMIC必须认识到，缺乏准备、知识和有关月经的不良做法不仅是女童教育的主要障碍，也是自信和个人发展的主要障碍。除了在学校和社区投资为女孩提供有清洁水的私人厕所外，各国还必须考虑如何更好地提供知识和理解，以及如何更好地满足少女的需求。
Menstruation is a natural physiological process that requires proper management. Unlike other normal bodily processes, menstruation is linked with religious and cultural meanings that can affect the perceptions of young girls as well as the ways in which the adults in the communities around them respond to their needs. This review aims to answer the following questions: (1) how knowledgeable are adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries about menstruation and how prepared are they for reaching menarche, (2) who are their sources of information regarding menstruation, (3) how well do the adults around them respond to their information needs, (4) what negative health and social effects do adolescents experience as a result of menstruation, and (5) how do adolescents respond when they experience these negative effects and what practices do they develop as a result? Using a structured search strategy, articles that investigate young girls’ preparedness for menarche, knowledge of menstruation and practices surrounding menstrual hygiene in LMIC were identified. A total of 81 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between the years 2000 and 2015 that describe the experiences of adolescent girls from 25 different countries were included. Adolescent girls in LMIC are often uninformed and unprepared for menarche. Information is primarily obtained from mothers and other female family members who are not necessarily well equipped to fill gaps in girls’ knowledge. Exclusion and shame lead to misconceptions and unhygienic practices during menstruation. Rather than seek medical consultation, girls tend to miss school, self-medicate and refrain from social interaction. Also problematic is that relatives and teachers are often not prepared to respond to the needs of girls. LMIC must recognize that lack of preparation, knowledge and poor practices surrounding menstruation are key impediments not only to girls’ education, but also to self-confidence and personal development. In addition to investment in private latrines with clean water for girls in both schools and communities, countries must consider how to improve the provision of knowledge and understanding and how to better respond to the needs of adolescent girls.